An Analysis and Prospects of Hot Topics on Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship Safety Research

ZHANG Di; LI Zhihong; WAN Chengpeng

doi:10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.06.001

Volume 41 Issue 6

Dec. 2023

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Journal of Transport Information and Safety > 2023 > 41(6): 1-11

ZHANG Di, LI Zhihong, WAN Chengpeng. An Analysis and Prospects of Hot Topics on Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship Safety Research[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2023, 41(6): 1-11. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.06.001

Citation:

ZHANG Di, LI Zhihong, WAN Chengpeng. An Analysis and Prospects of Hot Topics on Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship Safety Research[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2023, 41(6): 1-11. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.06.001

Citation:

PDF( 2220 KB)

An Analysis and Prospects of Hot Topics on Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship Safety Research

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.06.001

ZHANG Di^{1, 2
,},
LI Zhihong^{1, 2, 3},
WAN Chengpeng^{1, 2, 3
,
,}

1.
School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Waterway Traffic Control and Safety, WuhanUniversity of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
3.
Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China

Received Date: 2023-11-27
Available Online: 2024-04-03

Abstract

Abstract

In recent years, the maturation of technologies such as autonomous navigation, sensors, communication, and networking has spurred rapid advancements in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS) research. In September 2023, the 33rd European Safety and Reliability Conference was successfully held in Southampton, UK. The conference them centered on building a safe future in an interconnected world, with a particular emphasis on the safety of MASS. Based on a comprehensive analysis of 514 conference papers (including 19 papers related to intelligent ship safety topics), combined with the previous two conference proceedings and relevant research from the past decade both domestically and internationally, four hot topics in the field of MASS safety research are summarized: ①Autonomy level and related regulations: As the autonomy of MASS increases, the current legal frameworks need updating to accommodate new technologies, with research focusing on defining the autonomy levels of MASS and exploring the corresponding legal and regulatory frameworks. ② Human factors in remote operations: Remote operation of MASS introduces new challenges related to human factors. Research is oriented towards designing remote operation systems to reduce the psychological burden on operators, enhance communication efficiency, and provide effective decision support to ensure safety. ③ Risk assessment of MASS: This field aims to use advanced technologies for more accurate safety and risk evaluations, incorporating the use of multi-dimensional sensor data, real-time monitoring, and diversified data analysis models. ④ Applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in MASS: Both technologies are regarded as innovative directions in the field of MASS safety, with research primarily focusing on their application in fault prediction, route optimization, and automated safety monitoring. Through a survey of existing literature, future research directions for MASS safety are prospectively discussed from four critical perspectives. ① By adopting Model-based Systems Engineering approach for ship safety analysis, potential safety threats can be identified and eliminated from the design phase, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration, and enhancing the accuracy of safety and reliability analysis. ② In terms of human factor risk analysis, the Functional Resonance Analysis Method is considered more suitable for complex systems like MASS. By evaluating the interactions between system functions, failures can be identified, and preventive measures can be formulated. ③ To improve efficiency in emergency situations, research needs to develop support systems that assist operators in making rapid and accurate decisions, considering the psychological and physiological states of operators. ④ The application of artificial intelligence and machine learning to deepen theoretical research involves developing autonomous decision-making models capable of making accurate decisions in complex maritime environments and advanced algorithms that integrate multiple data sources for accurate weather forecasting and route optimization.
- navigation safety,
- Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS),
- risk and safety,
- hotspot analysis

FullText(HTML)

References(55)

References

[1]	UTNE I B. Risk-aware autonomous systems for safe and intelligent decision making[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference(ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[2]	WANG J. Effects of offshore safety case regulations on vessel/platform collision incidents[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[3]	BARROS A. Resilience analysis and optimization for interconnected or distributed systems: use cases and methodological contributions from the chair RRSC[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference(ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[4]	PORTER S. Early and effective safety/cybersecurity analysis-getting started with STPA[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[5]	LERVOLONO L. Seismic risk and resilience of civil infrastructure: towards the reconciliation of time and space[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[6]	PAULOS T. Launch vehicle and spacecraft risk analysis applications[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference(ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[7]	VINNEM J. E. Reviewing 50 years' experience in Norwegian risk governance[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference(ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[8]	严新平. 智能船舶的研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 交通与港航, 2016, 3(1): 25-28. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CSGS201601008.htm YAN X P. Research status and development trends of intelligent ships[J]. Transportation and Port Navigation, 2016, 3(1): 25-28. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CSGS201601008.htm
[9]	苏士斌, 刘英策, 林洪山, 等. 无人驾驶运输船发展现状与关键技术[J]. 船海工程, 2018, 47(5): 56-59. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WHZC201805013.htm SU S B, LIU Y C, LIN H S, et al. Development and key technologies of unmanned transport ship[J]. Ship & Ocean Engineering, 2018, 47(5): 56-59. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WHZC201805013.htm
[10]	张笛, 赵银祥, 崔一帆, 等. 智能船舶的研究现状可视化分析与发展趋势[J]. 交通信息与安全, 2021, 39(1): 7-16, 34. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.01.002 ZHANG D, ZHAO Y X, CUI Y F, et al. A visualization analysis and development trend of intelligent ship studies[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2021, 39(1): 7-16, 34. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.01.002
[11]	严新平, 褚端峰, 刘佳仑, 等. 智能交通发展的现状、挑战与展望[J]. 交通运输研究, 2021, 7(6): 2-10, 22. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JTBH202106001.htm YAN X P, CHU D F, LIU J L, et al. Current status, challenges, and prospects of intelligent transportation development[J]. Transportation Research, 2021, 7(6): 2-10, 22. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JTBH202106001.htm
[12]	WRIGHT R G. Unmanned and autonomous ships: An overview of MASS[M]. London: Routledge, 2020.
[13]	严新平, 刘佳仑, 范爱龙, 等. 智能船舶技术发展与趋势简述[J]. 船舶工程, 2020, 42(3): 15-20. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CANB202003008.htm YAN X P, LIU J L, FANA L, et al. A brief overview of the development and trends in intelligent ship technology[J]. Ship Engineering, 2020, 42(3): 15-20. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CANB202003008.htm
[14]	LI Z H, ZHANG D, HAN B, et al. Risk and reliability analysis for maritime autonomous surface ship: A bibliometric review of literature from 2015 to 2022[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2023, 187: 107090.
[15]	DANIEL L, ADACHI T, LEE S. Shipbuilding market developments, first semester 2022: Monitoring developments in ship supply, demand, prices and costs[R/OL]. (2022-07)[2023-11-27]. https://www.oecd.org/publications/shipbuilding-market-developments-first-semester-2022-e511558d-en.htm
[16]	WRÓBEL K, MONTEWKA J, KUJALA P. Towards the development of a system-theoretic model for safety assessment of autonomous merchant vessels[J]. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 2018, 178: 209-224.
[17]	WRÓBEL K, MONTEWKA J, KUJALA P. System-theoretic approach to safety of remotely-controlled merchant vessel[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2018, 152: 334-345. doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2018.01.020
[18]	BANDA O A V, KANNOS S, GOERLANDT F, et al. Systemic hazard analysis and management process for the concept design phase of an autonomous vessel[J]. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 2019, 191: 106584.
[19]	RØDSETH Ø J, BURMEISTER H C. Risk assessment for an unmanned merchant ship[J]. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, 2015, 9(3): 357-364. doi: 10.12716/1001.09.03.08
[20]	TAM K, JONES K. Cyber-risk assessment for autonomous ships[C]. 2018 International Conference on Cyber Security and Protection of Digital Services(Cyber Security), Scotland, UK: IEEE, 2018.
[21]	KARDAKOVA M, SHIPUNOV I, NYRKOV A, et al. Cyber security on sea transport[C]. International Scientific Conference Energy Management of Municipal Facilities and Sustainable Energy Technologies EMMFT, Voronezh and Samara, Russia: Springer, 2018.
[22]	CUZMAN N H C, ZHANG J, XIE J, et al. A comparative study of STPA-extension and the UFoI-E method for safety and security co-analysis[J]. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 2021, 211: 107633.
[23]	PERERA L P, GUEDES S C. Collision risk detection and quantification in ship navigation with integrated bridge sys-tems[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2015, 109, 344-354. doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.08.016
[24]	CHEN C, MA F, XU X, et al. A novel ship collision avoid-ance awareness approach for cooperating ships using multi-agent deep reinforcement learning[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2021, 9(10): 1056. doi: 10.3390/jmse9101056
[25]	ZHAO L, FU X. A novel index for real-time ship collision risk assessment based on velocity obstacle considering dimension data from AIS[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2021, 240: 109913. doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.109913
[26]	IMO. Outcome of the regulatory scoping exercise for the use of maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS)[R/OL]. (2021-06)[2024-01-03]. https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localre-sources/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/Documents/MSC.1Circ. 1638%20-%20Outcome%20Of%20The%20Regulatory% 20Scoping% 20ExerciseFor% 20The% 20Use% 20Of% 20Maritime% 20Autonomous% 20Surface% 20Ships... %20(Secretariat).pdf.
[27]	IMO, M. Information on the common gaps and key issues related to the use of MASS identified in the IMO Instrument[R/OL]. (2022-06)[2024-01-03]. https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/Documents/MSC. 1Circ. 1638% 20-% 20Outcome% 20Of% 20The% 20Regulatory%20Scoping%20ExerciseFor%20The%20Use% 20Of% 20Maritime% 20Autonomous% 20Surface% 20Ships... %20(Secretariat). pdf.
[28]	ALLAL A A, MANSOURI K, YOUSSFI M, et al. Toward a reliable main engine lubricating oil system for a safe operation of autonomous ship[C]. 2017 2^nd International Conference on System Reliability and Safety(ICSRS), Milan, Italy; IEEE, 2017.
[29]	GUAN S, WANG J, JIANG C, et al. Efficient On-demand UAV deployment and configuration for off-shore relay communications[C]. 2021 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC), Harbin, China: IEEE, 2021.
[30]	COSSENTINO M, LOPES S, RENDA G, et al. Smartness and autonomy for shipboard power systems reconfiguration[C]. Modelling and Simulation for Autonomous Systems: 6th International Conference, MESAS 2019, Palermo, Italy: Springer, 2020.
[31]	ELLEFSEN A L, AESOY V, USHAKOV S, et al. A comprehensive survey of prognostics and health management based on deep learning for autonomous ships[J]. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 2019, 68(2): 720-740. doi: 10.1109/TR.2019.2907402
[32]	Danish Maritime Authority. Analysis of regulatory barriers to the use of autonomous ships final report[R]. Danish: Danish Maritime Authority, 2017.
[33]	RØDSETH Ø J, WENNERSBERG L A. A criticism of proposed levels of autonomy for MASS[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference(ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[34]	KJELDSTAD B, KUFOALOR D. M, ULVENSØEN J H, et al. Evaluating the existing watchkeeping regulations as a baseline for developing functional requirements and performance criteria for uncrewed vessels[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference(ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[35]	BOLBOT V, OWEN D, CHAAL M, et al. Investigation of statutory and class society based requirements for electronic lookout[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference(ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[36]	杨鑫, 袁科琛, 刘芳. 智能船舶船岸一体化系统应用[J]. 船海工程, 2019, 48(2): 45-47. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WHZC201902012.htm YANG X, YUAN K C, LIU F. Application of ship-shore integration system in smart ship[J]. Ship & Ocean Engineering, 2019, 48(2): 45-47. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WHZC201902012.htm
[37]	ABREU D T, MARTIN M R, MARURANA M C, et al. Review of human error assessment methods suitable for the design of maritime remote control rooms and processes[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference(ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[38]	PORATHE T. Alarm and hand-over concepts for human remote operators of autonomous ships[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference(ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[39]	LI Z H, WAN C P, MAO Z, et al. Investigating the impact of day-night conditions and time progression on the fatigue of maritime autonomous surface ship remote operators: implications for remote control centre design[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference(ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[40]	MORILLO C A, Leva M C, DEMICHELA M, et al. Revising the "ability corners" approach: A new strategy to assessing human capabilities in industrial domains[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[41]	HOLTE E A, WENNERSBERG L. A. Analysing the need for safety crew onboard autonomous passenger ships - a case study on urban passenger transport in Norwegian waters. [C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference(ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[42]	HUANG Y M, WEI G Q, CHEN L Y, et al. Does redundant systems make a remote control MASS safer[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[43]	CHAAL M, BOLBOT V, BERRES A, et al. From aviation to maritime: An approach to define target safety levels for the safety assurance of autonomous ship systems[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[44]	WALLNER R, GRAN B A, PEDERSEN T A, et al. Identifying test scenarios for simulated safety demonstration using STPA and CAST[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[45]	BEJAOUI A, GADHAVI P, SHYSHOVA O, et al. Integration of human factors-related knowledge into decision support systems applied to assisted and automated operating vehicles using examples for inland vessels[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference(ESREL2023), South-ampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[46]	YILDIZD M, CONSTAPEL M, BURMEISTER H C, et al. Quantitative risk assessment of a periodically unattended bridge[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference(ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[47]	MURRAY B, BELLINGMO P R, LIED T T, et al. Autoencoder-based anomaly detection for safe autonomous ship operations[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference(ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[48]	LEE C, LEE S. Considerable risk sources and evaluation factors for artificial intelligence in maritime autonomous systems[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference(ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[49]	JEON J, GERASIMOS T. Datasets envelope impact on marine engines prognostics and health management models accuracy[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference(ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[50]	MEHAK S, JAIN A, KELLEHER J D, et al. Understanding and quantifying human factors in programming from demonstration: a user study proposal[C]. The 33^th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL2023), Southampton, UK: ESRA, 2023.
[51]	WEISS K A, DULAC N, CHIESI S, et al. Engineering spacecraft mission software using a model-based and safety-driven design methodology[J]. Journal of Aerospace Computing, Information, and Communication, 2006(3): 562-586.
[52]	LEVENSON N. Intent specifications: an approach to building human-centered specifications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 2000(26): 15-35.
[53]	THIEME M A R, CHRISTOPH A. Proceedings to the international workshop on autonomous systems safety[R/OL]. (2021-10)[2023-11-27]. https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2982327/Thieme% 2Bet% 2Bal.% 2B-% 2B2021% 2B-% 2BProceedings% 2Bof% 2Bthe% 2BInternational%2BWorkshop%2Bon%2BAutonomous%2BSystems% 2BSafety% 2BIWASS% 2B2021-annotated.pdf?sequence=1.
[54]	PATRIARCA R, DI GRAVIO G, WOLTJER R, et al. Framing the FRAM: a literature review on the functional resonance analysis method[J]. Safety Science, 2020, 129: 104827. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104827
[55]	HIROSE T, SAWARAGI T, NOMOTO H, et al. Functional safety analysis of SAE conditional driving automation in time-critical situations and proposals for its feasibility[J]. Cognition, Technology & Work, 2021, 23: 639-657.

Relative Articles

Supplements(0)

Cited By

Proportional views

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Figures(7) / Tables(1)

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article Metrics

Article views (174) PDF downloads(132)

An Analysis and Prospects of Hot Topics on Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship Safety Research

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.06.001

Abstract

References

Proportional views

Catalog

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Article Metrics

Proportional views

Related

An Analysis and Prospects of Hot Topics on Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship Safety Research

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.06.001

Abstract

References

Proportional views

Catalog

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Article Metrics

Proportional views

Related

Export File

Citation

Format

Content