高密度立交场景下驾驶人眼动特性的性别差异

陈泳潼; 杨子邈; 王涛; 朱兴林; 徐进

doi:10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2025.05.011

高密度立交场景下驾驶人眼动特性的性别差异

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2025.05.011

陈泳潼^1,,
杨子邈²,
王涛³,
朱兴林⁴,
徐进^{1, 4, ,}

1.
重庆交通大学交通运输学院重庆 400074
2.
重庆市信息通信咨询设计院有限公司重庆 400041
3.
桂林电子科技大学建筑与交通工程学院广西桂林 541004
4.
新疆农业大学交通与物流工程学院乌鲁木齐 830052

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金面上项目 52172340

重庆市高校创新研究群体项目 CXQT21022

详细信息

作者简介:
陈泳潼（2001—），硕士研究生. 研究方向：道路交通安全. E-mail：18090628563@163.com

通讯作者:
徐进（1977—），博士，教授. 研究方向：人-车-路协同、交通环境影响、驾驶行为等.E-mail：yhnl＿996699@163.com

中图分类号: U491.2+5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-08
- 网络出版日期: 2026-03-05

Gender Differences in Drivers' Eye Movement Characteristics at High-Density Interchanges

CHEN Yongtong^1
,,
YANG Zimiao²,
WANG Tao³,
ZHU Xinglin⁴,
XU Jin^{1, 4
, ,}

1.
College of Traffic and Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
2.
Chongqing Communication Design Institute Co., Ltd, Chongqing 400041, China
3.
School of Architectural and Transportation Engineering, Guilin University Of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
4.
School of Traffic and Logistics Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China

摘要

摘要: 为了分析高密度立交环境下不同性别驾驶人在驾驶过程中眼动特性的差异，在重庆市东环立交-张家梁高密度立交段开展了38个被试者（其中有1个无效数据）的实车驾驶试验，试验采集了注视点位置、注视持续时间、注视次数、扫视幅度，扫视速度、扫视频率等眼动指标。根据立交行驶的轨迹特征，将驾驶人的行驶过程划分为了驶入主线、驶出主线、主线行驶、辅道行驶4种驾驶工况。利用k-medoids动态聚类方法将驾驶人在高速公路高密度立交的视觉兴趣区划分为7个区域，并且通过马尔科夫链构建注视转移模型，对比分析了不同性别驾驶人眼动特征和注视转移规律。分析结果表明：①驾驶人的注视时间平均值主要分布在100~200 ms，其中注视时间的最大值为299.1 ms，最小值为68.0 ms；②男性与女性驾驶人在注视频率、单次注视时间、扫视幅度和扫视频率等方面存在差异，注视频率最大值男性高于女性，为2.6 n/s，最小值女性低于男性，为0.15 n/s。扫视频率最大值女性高于男性，为7.9 n/s，最小值男性低于女性，为0.8 n/s。男性驾驶人的注视频率较低，单次注视时间较长，扫视幅度和速度较高，女性驾驶人则相反；③在常规净距立交中，男性驾驶人更关注当前车道远处及右侧后视镜，女性驾驶人更注重当前车道近前及左侧后视镜。在小净距立交中，男性驾驶人对当前车道远处和左侧后视镜的关注度更高，女性驾驶人更关注当前车道及左右侧车道前方。在主线/辅道等简单驾驶场景，女性驾驶人会对道路环境观察会更细致，男性驾驶人更关注车辆速度控制和路线规划相关的信息。
- 道路交通安全 /
- 高密度立交 /
- 驾驶人眼动特征 /
- 注视转移矩阵 /
- 驾驶人性别
Abstract: In order to analyze the differences in eye movement characteristics of drivers of different genders in a high-density interchange environment, a real vehicle driving test is conducted on the Donghuan-Zhangjialiang high-density interchange section in Chongqing, involving 38 subjects with one invalid data. Eye movement indicators such as fixation point position, duration, frequency, saccade amplitude, speed, and frequency are collected. Based on the trajectory characteristics of interchange driving, the driving process is divided into four conditions, including entering the main line, exiting the main line, main line driving, and auxiliary road driving. The visual drivers area of interest on the high-density interchange of expressway are divided into seven regions using the k-medoids dynamic clustering method, and a fixation transition model is constructed via the Markov chain to comparatively analyze the eye movement characteristics and fixation transition rules of drivers of different genders. The results indicate that the average value of the driver's fixation time is mainly distributed in 100~200 ms, of which the maximum value of fixation time is 299.1 ms and the minimum value is 68.0 ms. There are differences between male and female drivers in terms of fixation frequency, single fixation time, saccade amplitude and saccade frequency, the maximum fixation frequency for males is higher than that for females, reaching 2.6 n/s, while the minimum for females is lower than that for males, being 0.15 n/s. The maximum saccade frequency for females is higher than that for males, reaching 7.9 n/s, while the minimum for males is lower than that for females, being 0.8 n/s. Male drivers exhibit a lower frequency of fixation, longer duration of single fixation, and higher amplitude and speed of saccade, while the situation is converse for female drivers. Gender differences are also manifested in the behavior of fixation shift: in regular clearance interchanges, male drivers tend to focus more on the distant area of the current lane and the right rearview mirror, whereas female drivers pay greater attention to the nearby area of the current lane and the left rearview mirror. In small clearance interchanges, male drivers show higher concern for the distant area of the current lane and the left rearview mirror, while female drivers focus more on the front of the current lane and the front of the left and right lanes. In simple driving scenarios such as mainline/auxiliary roads, female drivers conduct more meticulous observations of the road environment, while male drivers are more preoccupied with information related to vehicle speed control and route planning.
- road traffic safety /
- high-density interchange /
- eye movement characteristics of drivers /
- fixation shift matrix /
- gender of driver

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图 1 互通式立交间的距离

Figure 1. The distance between interchanges

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图 2 试验高密度立交群

Figure 2. Test high-density interchange groups

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图 3 试验平台

Figure 3. Test platform

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图 4 行驶工况划分

Figure 4. Classification of driving conditions

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图 5 眼动数据处理

Figure 5. Eye movement data processing

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图 6 注视点分布核密度图

Figure 6. Fixation distribution kernel density plot

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图 7 驾驶人d13初步聚类结果对比图

Figure 7. Comparison of the preliminary clustering results of the driver d13

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图 8 驾驶人视觉兴趣区划分

Figure 8. Driver's visual area of interest

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图 9 不同性别驾驶人注视行为特征

Figure 9. Box diagram of driver-fixation behavior of different genders

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图 10 不同性别驾驶人驶入/驶出主线扫视行为

Figure 10. Drivers of different genders driving in/out of the main line saccade behavior

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图 11 不同性别驾驶人主线/辅道行驶扫视行为

Figure 11. The saccade behavior of drivers of different genders on the mainline/auxiliary lane

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图 12 不同性别驾驶人扫视频率箱型图

Figure 12. Box diagram of drivers scanning video rate of different genders

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图 13 注视点转移过程

Figure 13. Fixation shift process

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图 14 常规净距不同性别驾驶人注视一步转移概率热力图

Figure 14. Driver-fixation one-step shift probability heat map of different genders in conventional distance interchange

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图 15 小净距男性驾驶人注视一步转移概率热力图

Figure 15. Male drivers-fixation one-step shift probability heat map in small-spacing interchange

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图 16 小净距不同性别驾驶人注视一步转移概率热力图

Figure 16. Female driver-fixation one-step shift probability heat map in small-spacing interchange

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图 17 不同性别驾驶人注视转移平稳分布柱形图

Figure 17. Histogram of the smooth distribution of fixation shifts among drivers of different genders

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表 1 试验立交信息统计表

Table 1. Test interchange information

试验立交	立交净距/m	立交类型	行驶工况
白杨沟-跑马坪	420	小净距立交	驶入主线
白杨沟-跑马坪	420	小净距立交	驶出主线
跑马坪-白杨沟	480	小净距立交	主线行驶
跑马坪-白杨沟	480	小净距立交	辅道行驶
跑马坪-黑石子	540	小净距立交	驶出主线
黑石子-跑马坪	840	小净距立交	驶入主线
黑石子-张家梁	1 100	常规净距立交	驶出主线
张家梁-黑石子	1 400	常规净距立交	驶入主线

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表 2 注视时间均值和注视频率的双因素重复测量方差分析表

Table 2. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA on mean fixation duration and fixation frequency

眼动指标	差异源	平方和	DF	F	Prob > F
注视时间均值	性别	3 240.737 75	1	0.733 19	0.396 2
注视频率	性别	0.545 19	1	0.706 08	0.405

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