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基于随机参数Logit模型的校车事故伤害严重程度分析

施颖 潘义勇 吴静婷

施颖, 潘义勇, 吴静婷. 基于随机参数Logit模型的校车事故伤害严重程度分析[J]. 交通信息与安全, 2021, 39(5): 43-49. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.05.006
引用本文: 施颖, 潘义勇, 吴静婷. 基于随机参数Logit模型的校车事故伤害严重程度分析[J]. 交通信息与安全, 2021, 39(5): 43-49. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.05.006
SHI Ying, PAN Yiyong, WU Jingting. An Analysis of Injury Severities in School Bus Accidents Based on Random Parameter Logit Models[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2021, 39(5): 43-49. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.05.006
Citation: SHI Ying, PAN Yiyong, WU Jingting. An Analysis of Injury Severities in School Bus Accidents Based on Random Parameter Logit Models[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2021, 39(5): 43-49. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.05.006

基于随机参数Logit模型的校车事故伤害严重程度分析

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.05.006
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金项目 51508280

详细信息
    作者简介:

    施颖(1996—),硕士研究生.研究方向:交通运输规划与管理.E-mail:shiying20201124@163.com

    通讯作者:

    潘义勇(1980—),博士,副教授.研究方向:交通运输规划与管理.E-mail:uoupanyg@njfu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: U491.31

An Analysis of Injury Severities in School Bus Accidents Based on Random Parameter Logit Models

  • 摘要:

    为深入分析安全因素对校车事故伤害严重程度的影响,探寻事故数据中未观察到的异质性,基于随机参数Logit模型从驾驶员、车辆、道路特征及环境4个方面构建校车事故伤害严重程度模型。结果表明:①涉事车辆数为2辆且对应参数服从正态分布时,不发生死亡受伤事故的概率为83.84%;②驾驶员年龄35~44岁、涉事车辆数为1辆时,死亡受伤事故概率均降低0.58%;③道路限速值为40~50 km/h时发生死亡受伤事故概率增加0.35%,道路限速值大于60 km/h时发生死亡受伤事故概率增加0.96%;④安全气囊状态打开,死亡受伤事故概率增加2.35%;⑤交通控制方式为车道标线时可能伤害事故概率增加1.85%,控制方式为中央分隔带时未受伤事故概率降低1.44%,死亡受伤事故发生概率却增加0.48%;⑥不安全时倒车转弯时发生可能伤害事故概率降低0.42%,分心驾驶、未按规定车道行驶、跟车太近和其他(饮酒)时未受伤事故概率分别增加1.36%,0.56%,0.39%和0.97%,可能受伤事故和死亡受伤事故发生概率却有所降低。

     

  • 图  1  随机参数分布

    Figure  1.  Distribution of random parameters

    表  1  影响因素定义及统计描述

    Table  1.   Definition and statistical description of influencing factors

    序号 影响因素 变量符号 描述 频数(比例/%)
    1 驾驶员性别 X1 1 209(50.04)
    1 207(49.96)
    2 驾驶员年龄/岁 < 25 221(9.15)
    X2 25~34 463(19.16)
    X3 35~44 427(17.67)
    X4 45~54 456(18.87)
    X5 55~64 514(21.27)
    X6 > 64 335(13.87)
    3 安全带使用 X7 2 258(93.46)
    158(6.54)
    4 安全气囊状态 X8 打开 191(7.91)
    未打开 2 225(92.09)
    5 不安全驾驶行为 没有不当行为 390(16.14)
    X9 分心驾驶 416(17.22)
    X10 不按规定车道行驶 162(6.71)
    X11 不安全时倒车、转弯 190(7.86)
    X12 不安全车速 485(20.07)
    X13 未能让出道路优先权 192(7.95)
    X14 错误转弯 113(4.68)
    X15 跟车距离太近 78(3.22)
    X16 其他(饮酒等) 390(16.14)
    6 涉事车辆数/辆 X17 1 439(18.17)
    X18 2 1 915(79.26)
    3 62(2.57)
    7 道路限速值/(km/h) 5~30 409(16.93)
    X19 30~40 1 019(42.18)
    X20 40~50 564(23.34)
    X21 50~60 192(7.95)
    X22 > 60 232(9.60)
    8 是否在交叉口 X23 775(32.08)
    1 641(67.92)
    9 光线条件 白天 2 105(87.13)
    X24 黄昏/黎明 1 12(4.64)
    X25 夜有灯 85(3.52)
    X26 夜无灯 114(4.72)
    10 控制方式 706(29.22)
    X27 信号控制 421(17.43)
    X28 停车让行/指示牌 447(18.50)
    X29 车道标线 168(23.39)
    X30 中央分隔带 168(6.95)
    X31 其他 109(4.51)
    11 是否在城区 1 698(70.28)
    X32 718(29.72)
    12 是否在学校区域 71(2.94)
    X33 2 345(97.06)
    注:“—”表示参考类别,不纳入模型进行拟合。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  共线性诊断结果

    Table  2.   Results of co-linearity diagnostics

    序号 变量 VIF 序号 变量 VIF 序号 变量 VIF
    1 X17 7.67 12 X9 1.80 23 X32 1.29
    2 X18 7.19 13 X27 1.78 24 X14 1.29
    3 X5 2.83 14 X16 1.75 25 X26 1.24
    4 X4 2.63 15 X29 1.75 26 X15 1.21
    5 X2 2.58 16 X28 1.65 27 X31 1.16
    6 X3 2.51 17 X21 1.60 28 X25 1.14
    7 X6 2.36 18 X11 1.48 29 X8 1.11
    8 X20 2.26 19 X13 1.46 30 X1 1.11
    9 X19 2.16 20 X23 1.39 31 X33 1.05
    10 X12 1.96 21 X10 1.36 32 X7 1.05
    11 X22 1.87 22 X30 1.35 33 X24 1.04
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  校车事故伤害严重程度的随机参数Logit模型标定

    Table  3.   Calibration of the mixed Logit model for the severity of school bus accident injuries

    变量 参数估计 t-Ratio 平均弹性系数(%)
    C B A
    A:死亡、严重伤害和非失能性伤害 驾驶员年龄:35~44岁 -0.897 -2.78 0.47 0.11 -0.58
    道路限速: > 60 km/h 1.028 3.49 -0.77 -0.18 0.96
    涉事车辆数:1辆 -1.594 -4.58 0.52 0.06 -0.58
    涉事车辆数:2辆(均值) -1.859 -2.32 0.25 0.15 -0.39
    涉事车辆数:2辆(标准差) 1.882 2.63
    B:可能伤害 安全气囊状态:打开 2.335 4.49 -1.92 -0.43 2.35
    控制方式:车道标线 0.568 4.01 -1.70 1.85 -0.15
    C:未受伤 不安全驾驶行为:不安全时倒车转弯 -1.509 -3.81 0.39 -0.42 0.02
    截距项 1.859 17.73
    道路限速值:40~50 km/h -0.342 -2.66 -1.32 0.97 0.35
    控制方式:中央分隔带 -1.016 -5.19 -1.44 0.96 0.48
    不安全驾驶行为:分心驾驶 0.865 4.69 1.36 -0.95 -0.41
    不安全驾驶行为:未按规定车道行驶 0.745 2.91 0.56 -0.41 -0.15
    不安全驾驶行为:跟车太近 1.463 3.57 0.39 -0.28 -0.12
    下载: 导出CSV
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