Volume 41 Issue 2
Apr.  2023
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Article Navigation >  Journal of Transport Information and Safety  > 2023  >  41(2): 147-156
LIU Yi, BU Xinru. Modeling and Analysis of the Effects of Government Incentives onto Reduction of Ship Carbon Emission Based on an Improved Principal-agent Model[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2023, 41(2): 147-156. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.02.016
Citation: LIU Yi, BU Xinru. Modeling and Analysis of the Effects of Government Incentives onto Reduction of Ship Carbon Emission Based on an Improved Principal-agent Model[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2023, 41(2): 147-156. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.02.016
shu

Modeling and Analysis of the Effects of Government Incentives onto Reduction of Ship Carbon Emission Based on an Improved Principal-agent Model

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.02.016
  • 1.

    School of Navigation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China

  • 2.

    Hubei Key Laboratory of Inland Shipping Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China

  • 3.

    National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China

  • Received Date: 2022-07-30
    Available Online: 2023-06-19
    Abstract
  • Currently, the incentives for carbon emission reduction mainly focus on carbon pricing, carbon taxes, and reduction of ship speed, while there is no subsidy incentives for shipping companies implementing carbon reduction measures. Due to the differences in operational modes, emission reduction strategies, and asset compositions between shipping companies and ordinary enterprises, the assumptions of traditional principal-agent model fail to meet the need to analyze the effect of government incentive onto the shipping industry. Therefore, specific improvements to the existing principalagent models are required. The purpose is to achieve the maximum social benefit with limited government funds, while the shipping companies that make best efforts will receive maximum profits. Considering the exogenous uncertainty of the effect of policies onto carbon reduction for risk-averse shipping companies, a government incentive model for the reduction of ship carbon emission is proposed. Since the government cannot always fully observe the efforts of a shipping company for reducing emissions, the scenarios with complete and incomplete information are independently analyzed. Setting the optimization objectives separately for the government and the shipping companies to maximize their own benefit, the optimal reward-penalty coefficient for the government and the optimal level of efforts for reducing carbon emission from the shipping companies are found. The optimal incentive contract is also studied for the government to regulate the shipping companies. The parameters for internal and external factors determining the efforts for reducing carbon emission by the shipping companies are discussed, as well as their impacts on the optimal incentives provided by the government and the relevant parameters. Study results show that the optimal incentive coefficient decreases at a decreasing rate when the variance of exogenous random variable and the absolute risk aversion coefficient increase. When the variance is 8 and the risk aversion coefficient is 4, the rate of decrease stabilizes. At this point, the shipping companies exhibit a strong aversion to the risks of reducing carbon emission and a strong resistance to implementing the measures. The cost coefficient and the coefficient influencing the level of efforts for reducing emissions jointly affect the intensity of the companies to implement measures. When the level of efforts is high, the government incentives initially increase quickly and then level off as the cost for the shipping companies increase. This implies that the government aims to meet the needs of reducing carbon emission of the shipping companies within its limited funds to reduce difficulties within the implementation. However, once the incentives reach a certain level, further increase in incentive will not directly affect the motivation of shipping companies to reduce emissions. Due to the joint impact of the cost coefficient and the coefficient of the level of effort for emission reduction on the government incentives, there will be one optimal incentive under different shipping market conditions. Considering the development of shipping industry along the Yangtze River, when the cost coefficient is 0.5 and the coefficient of the level of effort for emission reduction is 3, the optimal impact of government incentive is achieved.

     

    • FullText(HTML)
  • loading
    • References(30)
  • [1]
    MEPC. Resolution MEPC 304(72)Initial IMO strategy on reductionofGHG emissionsfromships[R/OL](. 2018-04)[2022-07-23]. https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/Pages/GHG-Emissions.aspx.
    [2]
    ROMANO A, YANG Z. Decarbonisation of shipping: A state of the art survey for 2000—2020[J]. Ocean and Coastal Management, 2021, 214: 105936. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105936
    [3]
    闫泽涛. 推进中国经济绿色发展的体系构建[J]. 华东经济管理, 2016, 30(12): 47-52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-5097.2016.12.008

    YAN Z T. System construction of promoting the green devel-opment of Chinese economy[J]. East China Economic Management, 2016, 30(12): 47-52. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-5097.2016.12.008
    [4]
    张笛, 赵银祥, 崔一帆, 等. 智能船舶的研究现状可视化分析与发展趋势[J]. 交通信息与安全, 2021, 39(1): 7-16, 34. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.01.002

    ZHANG D, ZHAO Y X, CUI Y F, et al. A visualization analy-sis and development trend of intelligent ship studies[J]. Jour-nal of Transport Information and Safety, 2021, 39(1): 7-16, 34. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.01.002
    [5]
    MARC A G. An assessment of carbon pricing effects on international shipping[D]. Singapore: National University of Singapore: 2019.
    [6]
    DAN Z G, WANG S A, WANG D Z W. A joint liner ship path, speed and deployment problem under emission reduction measures[J]. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 2021, 144: 155-173. doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2020.12.006
    [7]
    ZHAO C P, XU X J, GONG Y, et al. Blue carbon cooperation in the maritime silk road with network game model and simulation[J]. Sustainability, 2019, 11(10): 2748. doi: 10.3390/su11102748
    [8]
    CHEN K, XIN X, NIU X Y, et al. Coastal transportation sys-tem joint taxation-subsidy emission reduction policy optimization problem[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 247(20): 119096.
    [9]
    TANAKA H, OKADA A. Effects of market-based measures on a shipping company: using an optimal control approach for long-term modeling[J]. Research in Transportation Economics, 2019, 73: 63-71. doi: 10.1016/j.retrec.2019.01.006
    [10]
    ALI C, PIERRE C. Greening of maritime transportation: a multi-objective optimization approach[J]. Annals of Operations Research, 2019, 273(1-2): 501-525. doi: 10.1007/s10479-018-2786-2
    [11]
    ZHOU C H, DING Y R, HUANG H X, et al. Meso-level car-bon dioxide emission model based on voyage for inland ships in the Yangtze River[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022(3): 156271.
    [12]
    WOO J K, MOON D S H, LAM J S L. The impact of envi-ronmental policy on ports and the associated economic opportunities[J]. Transportation Research Part A: Policy & Practice, 2018, 110: 234-242.
    [13]
    镇璐, 诸葛丹, 汪小帆. 绿色港口与航运管理研究综述[J]. 系统工程理论与实践, 2020, 40(8): 2037-2050. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XTLL202008010.htm

    ZHEN L, ZHU G D, WANG X F. A review of research on green ports and shipping management[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice, 2020, 40(8): 2037-2050. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XTLL202008010.htm
    [14]
    桑高峰, 孟燕萍. 碳税政策下港口与船舶减排决策的博弈分析[J]. 科技管理研究, 2019, 39(21): 227-235. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7695.2019.21.032

    SANG G F, MENG Y P. Game analysis of port and ship decisions on emission reduction under carbon tax policy[J]. Sci-ence and Technology Management Research, 2019, 39(21): 227-235. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7695.2019.21.032
    [15]
    王伶俐, 汪传旭, 程琴. 考虑政府补贴和货主低碳偏好的船公司减排决策[J]. 上海海事大学学报, 2021, 42(2): 88-95. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHHY202102015.htm

    WANG L L, WANG C X, CHENG Q. Emission reduction decision of shipping companies considering government subsidies and shippers' lowcarbon preference[J]. Journal of Shanghai Maritime University, 2021, 42(2): 88-95. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHHY202102015.htm
    [16]
    徐艳, 孟燕萍. 强制减排下政府与港口企业的演化博弈[J]. 中国科学技术大学学报, 2019, 49(9): 762-772. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2778.2019.09.009

    XU Y, MENG Y P. Evolution game between government and port enterprises under mandatory emission reduction[J]. Journal of University of Science and Technology of China, 2019, 49(9): 762-772. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-2778.2019.09.009
    [17]
    高艳艳, 高洁. 地方政府和港口价值共创的演化博弈分析[J]. 上海海事大学学报, 2022, 43(1): 71-77. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHHY202201011.htm

    GAO Y Y, GAO J. Evolutionary game analysis of value co-creation between local government and ports[J]. Journal of Shanghai Maritime University, 2022, 43(1): 71-77. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHHY202201011.htm
    [18]
    ZHUGE D, WANG S A, ZHEN L, et al. Subsidy design in a vessel speed reduction incentive program under government policies[J]. Naval Research Logistics, 2021, 68(3): 344-358. doi: 10.1002/nav.21948
    [19]
    周海英, 张文静. 绿色港口建设下港口与船舶减排决策研究[J]. 科技管理研究, 2022, 42(7): 205-214. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KJGL202207025.htm

    ZHOU H Y, ZHANG W J. Research on emission reduction decisions of port and ship under the construction of green ports[J]. Science and Technology Management Research, 2022, 42(7): 205-214. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KJGL202207025.htm
    [20]
    MENG L P, WANG J M, YAN W, et al. A differential game model for emission reduction decisions between ports and shipping enterprises considering environmental regulations[J]. Ocean & Coastal Management, 2022, 225: 106221.
    [21]
    吴俊妮, 吕靖, 林驿. 基于三阶段博弈模型的船舶使用岸电条件下港口减排策略研究[J]. 数学的实践与认识, 2020, 50(7): 27-37. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SSJS202007004.htm

    WU J N, LYU J, LIN Y. Research on port emission reduction strategy for ships using shore power based on three-phase game model[J]. Mathematics in Practice and Theory, 2020, 50(7): 27-37. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SSJS202007004.htm
    [22]
    CUI H, NOTTEBOOM T. Modelling emission control taxes in port areas and port privatization levels in port competition and co-operation sub-games[J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2017, 56: 110-128.
    [23]
    郑洋. 基于委托-代理理论的企业节能减排的激励机制研究[D]. 秦皇岛: 燕山大学, 2016.

    ZHENG Y. Study of energy saving and emission reduction incentive mechanism based on the agency theory[D]. Qinhuangdao: Yanshan University, 2016. (in Chinese)
    [24]
    张帆, 李娜. 基于委托代理理论的碳排放政府规制分析[J]. 贵州省党校学报, 2020, 185(1): 5-10. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SJLL202001002.htm

    ZHANG F, LI N. Analysis of Carbon Emissions Regulation by Government Based on Principal-agent Theory[J]. Journal of Guizhou Provincial Party School, 2020, 185(1): 5-10. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SJLL202001002.htm
    [25]
    章道云, 田祺, 叶雨薇. 二次成本函数模型及其运用[J]. 中国集体经济, 2013, 374(6): 99-100. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZJTG201306050.htm

    ZHANG D Y, TIAN Q, YE Y W. Quadratic cost function model and its application[J]. China's Collective Economy, 2013, 374(6): 99-100. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZJTG201306050.htm
    [26]
    TOMASZ D T. Nonlinear dynamics in a heterogeneous duopoly game with adjusting players and diseconomies of scale[J]. Communications in Nonlinear Science & Numerical Simulation, 2011, 16(1): 296-308.
    [27]
    YIN M, WANG Y, ZHANG Q. Policy implementation barriers and economic analysis of shore power promotion in China[J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2020, 87: 102506.
    [28]
    赖单宏, 陈文炜, 黄文焘, 等. 岸电技术经济性分析[J]. 港工技术, 2016, 53(3): 57-62. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GAOG201603015.htm

    LAI D H, CHEN W W, HUANG W T, et al. Economic analysis of shore power techniques[J]. Port Engineering Technology, 2016, 53(3): 57-62. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GAOG201603015.htm
    [29]
    李勇, 张旭, 林朝华, 等. 基于政府补贴政策下的岸电技术经济性分析[J]. 港工技术, 2018, 55(3): 88-92. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GAOG201803023.htm

    LI Y, ZHANG X, LIN Z H, et al. Technical and economic analysis of shore power based on government subsidy policy[J]. Port Engineering Technology, 2018, 55(3): 88-92. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GAOG201803023.htm
    [30]
    赖单宏, 孙启林, 彭灵利, 等. 基于线性阶梯服务费的港口岸电营销方案[J]. 港工技术, 2019, 56(4): 79-82. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GAOG201904018.htm

    LAI D H, SUN Q L, PENG L L, et al. Port electric marketing scheme based on linear ladder service charge[J]. Port Engineering Technology, 2019, 56(4): 79-82. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GAOG201904018.htm
    • Relative Articles
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Figures(3)  / Tables(2)

    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML

    Article Metrics

    Article views (426) PDF downloads(15) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    Copyright Editorial Office of Transport Information and Safety鄂ICP备05003336号-2

    Address：No. 1178，Heping Avenue, Wuchang, Wuhan, CHINA (430063)

    Tel：027-86580355 Email：jtjsj@vip.163.com

    Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd  

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return