A Review on the Safety Studies at Entrances and Exits of Expressway Interchanges

ZHANG Chi; LIU Kai; WANG Shifa; XIE Zilong; WANG Xue

doi:10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.02.001

Volume 41 Issue 2

Apr. 2023

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ZHANG Chi, LIU Kai, WANG Shifa, XIE Zilong, WANG Xue. A Review on the Safety Studies at Entrances and Exits of Expressway Interchanges[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2023, 41(2): 1-17. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.02.001

Citation:

ZHANG Chi, LIU Kai, WANG Shifa, XIE Zilong, WANG Xue. A Review on the Safety Studies at Entrances and Exits of Expressway Interchanges[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2023, 41(2): 1-17. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.02.001

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A Review on the Safety Studies at Entrances and Exits of Expressway Interchanges

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.02.001

ZHANG Chi^{1, 2
,
,},
LIU Kai^{1, 2},
WANG Shifa³,
XIE Zilong^{1, 2},
WANG Xue^{1, 2}

1.
School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
2.
Engineering Research Center for Digitization of Road Infrastructure of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
3.
Sichuan Chengmian Cangba Expressway Co., Ltd Chengdu Branch, Chengdu 610599, China

Received Date: 2022-10-09
Available Online: 2023-06-19

Abstract

Abstract

Interchanges of expressways are critical nodes for traffic operation, and their entrances/exits are key components and show most complex traffic flow behaviors. Researchers have conducted numerous safety studies on interchanges and obtained a variety of conclusions, but their studies are not systematic due to the complexity of interchanges and the entrances/exits. To this end, this paper looks into the literature on the safety of interchanges and entrances/exits of expressways, identifies corresponding research topics of interest, and reviews corresponding findings in three areas: geometric design index, safety evaluation method and operation speed. Study results indicate that: ①The number of factors considered during the design of speed-change lanes in the existing standards in China is not enough to match the required distance for speed change from the field. The criterion of sight distance at the merging end of an interchange is not optimized based on vehicle performance and drivers' perception-reaction time to different traffic scenarios. ②Studies in the literature on the merging nose are mainly carried out from a two-dimensional perspective, and the geometric design factors are not focused on the effect of the combination of flat and longitudinal factors. ③The accident statistics method, analytic hierarchy process, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are most commonly used in evaluating the safety of expressways. The accident statistics method can objectively be used to evaluate the safety, but it is dependent on the accuracy of accident statistics; the analytic hierarchy process can be used to develop safety evaluation indexes, but the weights associated to the indexes are often subjectively determined, which often makes the results useless; the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method relies on the selection of the affiliation function to ensure a good accuracy of the evaluation of the level of safety, which places high requirements on the knowledge of the user. ④The evaluation criteria of coordination and continuity of road alignment in the existing standards are based on the traditional method Δv₈₅, whose basis is contrary to the reality leading to overestimating the safety performance of the road. Therefore, speed prediction models for different vehicles in different entrances/exits should be studied in depth. From these results, the suggestions for the future works are as follows: ①Studies on speed-change lanes can be based on driving behavior, with a focus on the analysis of acceleration patterns over speed-change lanes. ②Studies on sight distance at entrances/exits should take into account complex traffic circumstances, drivers' reaction time under visual stimuli and characteristics of vehicles. Further optimization can be conducted based on the unique characteristics of entrances/exits, and tested with relatively mature safety evaluation methods, such as accident statistics methods and prediction models. ③In terms of the operating speed at entrances/exits, floating vehicle data (FCD) can be used together with the data from gantry cranes and radars to study the process that vehicles change their speed.
- expressway,
- entrance and exit of ramp,
- speed-change lane,
- safety evaluation,
- operation speed

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References(66)

References

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A Review on the Safety Studies at Entrances and Exits of Expressway Interchanges

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