Effects of the Display Cycle of Variable Message Signs on Driving and Recognition Behavior in Work Zones
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摘要: 播放周期是可变信息标志(variable message sign，VMS) 的重要特征之一。针对现行国家标准GB 5768 《道路交通标志和标线》中缺少VMS播放周期设计标准的问题，面向城市道路构建虚拟作业区并开展单车驾驶模拟实验。根据“前方施工，请换道”的主题设计图形及动画循环，播放周期设定为1，2，4 s这3种场景，收集32名实验驾驶人的速度、加速度、横向位置、视认距离、理解时间和反应时间的数据，从驾驶行为和认知行为这2个维度评价不同播放周期方案的效果。通过无量纲化处理计算不同播放周期方案的综合评价得分，最终确定不同播放周期中的最佳方案。实验结果表明：在驾驶行为上，实验驾驶员在2 s的VMS场景下的降速效果最明显，与上游正常路段相比速度降幅达到了15.77 %，同时，在2 s场景下的纵向加速度也最小，此外，实验驾驶员在2 s场景下的换道距离最短，说明2 s的VMS在能够提供更好的减速效果的同时也能够促使驾驶员迅速完成换道以减少冲突的可能性；在认知效果，实验驾驶员在2 s场景下的视认距离最远，平均值达到313.01 m，虽然未能在2 s场景下达到最快速理解的效果，但是反应时间却最短，说明2 s的VMS能够提供更远的视认距离并能引导驾驶人及时做出反应。通过计算综合评价指标可得，2 s的VMS为3种实验播放周期中的最佳方案。Abstract: The display cycle is one of the most important characteristics of variable message signs (VMS). However, the design standards of VMS display cycles are not mentioned in the national standard GB 5768: Road Traffic Signs and Markings. In order to provide valuable evidences, a driving simulation experiment considering a single vehicle is conducted under the condition of work zones on urban roads. The graphic and animated loop are designed based on the theme of"construction ahead, please change lanes". Three display cycle scenarios of 1, 2, and 4 s are simulated. The speed, acceleration, lateral position, recognition distance, comprehension time and reaction time of 32 drivers are collected. The effects of the VMS display cycles are evaluated from two aspects: driving behavior and recognition behavior. Through dimensionless processing, the comprehensive evaluation scores for the three display cycles are calculated. Finally, based on these scores the best design of the VMS display cycle among the scenarios is selected. Through the experiment it is found that, comparing the speed in front of the VMS location to the normal sections, the travel speed in the 2 s scenario is reduced most with the reduction of 15.77 %. Additionally, the acceleration in the 2 s scenario also shows the smallest value. Moreover, the lane-changing distance is the shortest in the 2 s scenario. Based on the results, it can be implied that the 2 s scenario not only provide better deceleration performance but also prompting drivers to complete lane-changing behavior quickly to reduce the possibility of conflicts. In terms of recognition, the recognition distance in the 2 s scenario is the farthest with an average value of 313.01 m. Although the fastest comprehension is not achieved in the 2 s scenario, the reaction time in this scenario is the shortest. It is indicated that the 2 s scenario can provide farther recognition distance and guide drivers to react promptly. Through calculating the comprehensive evaluation scores, it is concluded that the 2 s VMS performed best among the three designed display cycles.
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图 4 作业区组成部分和标志位置的说明
Figure 4. Illustration of work zone components and the location of the sign
图 7 不同播放周期下的纵向加速度
Figure 7. The results of vehicle acceleration of different display cycles
图 8 不同播放周期下的车辆横向位置
Figure 8. The results of vehicle lateral position of different display cycles
图 9 不同播放周期下的发现距离
Figure 9. The results of finding distance of different display cycles
图 10 不同播放周期下的理解时间
Figure 10. The results of understanding time of different display cycles
图 12 不同播放周期的主观倾向性得分
Figure 12. The scores of questionnaire questions of different display cycles
表 1 不同播放周期VMS的综合评价得分
Table 1. The comprehensive evaluation results of VMS under the different display cycles
播放周期/s 得分 1 0.73 2 0.84 4 0.71 
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