A Bi-Layer Optimal Dispatch Method of Energy in Freeway Micro-grid Systems
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摘要: 随着国家“双碳战略”的推进，新能源在交通领域的应用与能源转型得到快速的发展。在我国西部无电网或弱电网地区，风光资源充足，可采用微电网为路域用能设施供能。但高速公路微电网存在纵向跨度大、离散分布、出力不均衡、沿线配电网建设运行成本高等问题，因此，将移动储能调度设备引入到高速公路微电网能源调度系统结构中。在此基础上，构建高速公路微电网及移动储能系统模型，提出新的调度成本机制及能量调度双层架构。同时，高速公路微电网系统具有长距离带状结构，会造成微电网子控制器调度产生通信负担。针对此问题提出交替方向乘子法分布式双层优化调度策略，该方法将全局问题拆解为局部问题进行并行优化求解，各微电网仅需与相邻微电网进行通信，相互之间交换期望能源需求信息。系统以高速公路微电网总运行成本最小作为耦合变量，通过增广拉格朗日罚函数进行松弛，将原优化问题解耦为各系统的独立子优化问题，并采用双层循环求解的方式，最终获得全局最优调度方案。本文通过数值仿真分析验证可再生能源利用率提升了15.3%，在实现高速公路用能的基础上保障了经济性。
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关键词:
- 高速公路微电网能源调度 /
- 新能源交通 /
- 移动储能 /
- 交替方向乘子法 /
- 双层优化调度策略
Abstract: With the advancement of China's "dual carbon strategy", the usage of new energy in transportation and the transformation of energy have developed rapidly.In areas with no power grid or weak power grid in western China, where wind and solar resources are sufficient, micro-grids can be used to supply power to facilities in road areas. However, freeway micro-grids have problems such as large longitudinal span, discrete distribution, unbalanced output, and high construction and operation costs of distribution networks along the roads.Therefore, the mobile energy storage dispatching equipment is introduced into the freeway energy system.On this basis, a model of freeway micro-grid with mobile energy storage system is developed, and a newly two-layer structure for dispatching cost mechanism and energy dispatching is proposed.Meanwhile, the micro-grid system for freeway has a long-distance strip structure, which would cause communication burden for the micro-grid sub-controller dispatch.To solve this problem, a distributed bi-layer optimization dispatching strategy using the alternating direction multiplier method is proposed.This method decomposes the global problem into local problem, which is solved through parallel optimization, and each micro-grid only needs to communicate with adjacent micro-grids to exchange the information of expected energy demand.The system takes the minimum total operating cost of the freeway micro-grid as the coupling variable, which is relaxed through the augmented Lagrangian penalty function.As a result, the original optimization problem is decoupled into independent sub-optimization problems of each system.A bi-layer loop solution method is used to obtain the global optimal scheduling plan.A numerical simulation analysis is carried out and show that the utilization rate of renewable energy has increased by 15.3%, ensuring the economic benefits while achieving energy use in freeway. -
图 3 高速公路多微电网系统优化调度流程图
Figure 3. Optimal dispatching flow chart of highway multi-microgrid system
图 15 控制周期内各微电网系统运营成本
Figure 15. Operating costs of each microgrid system during the control period
表 1 自洽微电网参数设定
Table 1. Self-consistent microgrid parameter settings
参数 数值 参数 数值 $P_{i, \min }^L / \mathrm{MW}$ 0.5 $\eta_i^{\mathrm{ch}}$ 0.89 $P_{i, \max }^L / \mathrm{MW}$ 5 $\eta_i^{d \mathrm{ch}}$ 0.85 $P_{i, \min }^{\mathrm{RES}} / \mathrm{MW}$ 0.25 $D o D_i$ 0.2 $P_{i, \max }^{\mathrm{RES}} / \mathrm{MW}$ 6 $\varepsilon^{\mathrm{pri}}$ e-3 $\Delta P_{i, \max }^L / \mathrm{MW}$ 4 $\varepsilon^{\text {dual }}$ e-5 $E_i(0) / \mathrm{MW}$ 2 $\ell_1$ 0.3 $E_i^{\max } / \mathrm{MW}$ 4 $\ell_2$ 0.3 $t / h$ 24 $\ell_3$ 0.4 
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表 2 MESS参数设定
Table 2. MESS parameter settings
参数 数值 参数 数值 $C^{\mathrm{MESS} / \mathrm{MWh}} / \text { 万元 }$ 6 $C^{\mathrm{ES}} / \text { 万元 }$ 0.5 $C^{\text {truck }} / \text { 万元 }$ 5 $C_i^M / \text { 万元 }$ 0.42 $C_i^{\mathrm{O} \mathrm{p}} / \text { 万元 }$ 0.6 $d_{12} / \mathrm{km}$ 90 $E_{\max }^{\mathrm{MESS}}(k) / \mathrm{MW} \cdot \mathrm{~h}$ 1 $d_{23} / \mathrm{km}$ 70 $P_{\text {rated }}^{\text {MESS }} / \mathrm{MW}$ 1 $d_{13} / \mathrm{km}$ 80 $V_{\text {avg }} / \mathrm{km} / \mathrm{h}$ 90 NMESS 2
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