A Study on the Planning of Photovoltaic-hydropower Complementary and Self-consistent Microgrid System for Road Transportation
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摘要: 自2020年9月中国提出“碳达峰·碳中和”目标后，公路交通领域绿色转型发展成为亟待解决的重点任务。利用高速公路沿线清洁能源建立自洽微网系统，发展交通与能源一体化已成为减少碳排放、完成交通用能清洁化的必由之路。结合我国西部偏远地区公路交通系统难以接入大电网且光水资源丰富的特点，本文以偏远地区的独立交通微网为研究对象，研究了基于小水电的光水互补系统架构，并建立了基于该架构的公路交通光水互补自洽微网系统规划模型。提出了小水电为主导、光伏为辅助的光水互补系统控制运行策略；以系统经济性和供电稳定性最优为优化目标，采用粒子群优化算法进行了典型算例优化求解与研究方案对比分析，形成了面向公路交通的光水互补自洽微网系统规划推荐方案。研究结果表明：在光水互补方案中，系统的稳定供电率可以达到99.64%，相较于单一光伏电站供给方案，其综合年成本降低43.05万元，系统缺电率降低2.5%；相较于单一小水电站供给方案，其综合年成本仅增加1.53万元，而系统缺电率降低1.59%，验证了提出的光水互补自洽微网系统规划模型的有效性，为后续相关工程实践提供了参考借鉴。Abstract: Since China proposed the"carbon peak and carbon neutrality"goals in September 2020, green transformation and development in road transportation have become pressing. Utilizing clean energy along freeways to create self-consistent micro-network systems and integrating transportation with energy are vital for reducing carbon emissions and achieving clean energy usage in transportation. This paper focuses on independent transportation micro-networks in remote western regions of China, where are featured by abundant solar and water resources but limited access to the main power grid. It proposes a photovoltaic complementary system framework based on small hydropower and establishes a planning model for a self-consistent micro-network system for road transportation. Moreover, the paper proposes a control and operation strategy for the complementary system, with small hydropower as the main source and photovoltaics as an auxiliary source. By optimizing the system economy and stability of power supply, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to solve typical cases and conduct a comparative analysis of different schemes, resulting in a recommended planning scheme for a self-consistent micro-network system of road transportation. The research results indicate that: under the complementary scheme, the stable power supply rate can reach 99.64%; the overall annual cost is reduced by 430 500 CNY and the power shortage rate is reduced by 2.5% comparing to a single photovoltaic power supply scheme; the overall annual cost increases by only 15 300 CNY but the system's power shortage rate is reduced by 1.59% comparing to a single small hydropower station supply scheme. These results validate the effectiveness of the proposed planning model for the complementary and self-consistent micro-network system and provide a reference for subsequent engineering practices.
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图 1 光水互补自洽微网系统架构
Figure 1. Architecture of photovoltaic-hydropower complementary self-consistent micro-network system
图 2 光水互补自洽微网系统运行控制策略图
Figure 2. Diagram of operational control strategies for photovoltaic-hydropower complementary self-consistent micro-network system
图 3 光水互补自洽微网求解流程图
Figure 3. Solution flow chart of photovoltaic-hydropower complementary self-consistent micro-network system
图 4 各方案系统内各组成单元出力情况
Figure 4. The power output of each component within the system for each scenario.
表 1 设备参数设置
Table 1. Equipment Parameter Setting
设备名称 规格参数/kW 投资成本/（元/kW） 运维成本/（元/kW） 寿命/年 水电机组 140 10 000 0.018 40 光伏板 2 8 000 0.007 9 20 柴油发电机 20 8 000 0.088 20 蓄电池 50 3 000 0.008 5 
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表 2 规划方案仿真结果
Table 2. Simulation results of the planning scheme
仿真结果 最优值 均值 方差 年均成本/万元 14.60 14.48 0.77 系统缺电率/% 0.36 0.55 0.06
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表 3 3种方案下系统优化配置结果及相关指标计算结果
Table 3. The results of system optimization configuration and the calculation of related indicators in the three schemes
方案编号 配置结果 年均成本/万元 投资成本/万元 运维成本/万元 系统缺电率/% 水轮机/台 光伏板/组 柴油发电机/台 蓄电池/块 1 2 48 2 55 14.60 11.40 3.20 0.36 2 552 8 655 57.65 53.65 4.00 2.86 3 2 2 55 13.07 10.32 2.77 1.95
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