“双碳”战略下中国港口与清洁能源融合发展路径探析

蒋一鹏; 袁成清; 袁裕鹏; 董明望; 江涛; 钟晓晖; 童亮

doi:10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.02.015

“双碳”战略下中国港口与清洁能源融合发展路径探析

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2023.02.015

1.
宁波舟山港集团有限公司浙江宁波 315042
2.
武汉理工大学交通与物流工程学院武汉 430063

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 2021YFB2601605

详细信息

作者简介:
蒋一鹏（1968—），工程师. 研究方向：水运交通与能源融合等. E-mail：Jiangyip@nbport.com.cn

通讯作者:
袁成清（1976—），博士，教授. 研究方向：船港新能源及能效提升等. E-mail：ycq@whut.edu.cn

中图分类号: U6-9
计量
- 文章访问数: 559
- HTML全文浏览量: 196
- PDF下载量: 41
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-05
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-19

Pathway for Integrated Development of Port and Clean Energy Under Strategy of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutralization in China

1.
Ningbo Zhoushan Port Group Company Limited, Ningbo 315042, Zhejiang, China
2.
School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China

摘要

摘要: 采用清洁能源是港口行业绿色低碳发展的有效途径，但目前对于港区可用的清洁能源形式以及相关自然资源禀赋缺乏统筹规划和合理开发，这在一定程度上制约了中国港口行业的可持续发展。为促进中国港口实现“双碳”目标，解决港口能耗大、碳排放量高的用能结构性问题，对国内外港口与清洁能源融合的发展现状与不足进行了梳理，总结提出目前中国港口与清洁能源融合发展过程中存在的清洁能源应用模式单一、清洁能源渗透率低、多能源并网技术存在瓶颈、绿氢制储注供一体化应用欠缺等关键问题。针对这些问题，结合港口自然资源禀赋，分析港口用能形态和用能模式特征，提出在“源-网-荷”这3个方面形成多能源融合局面的港口综合能源系统发展模式，形成碳减排的港口能源融合体系，增强了港口能源自主保障能力和自洽率。在此基础上，进一步细化了发电与耗能制氢相结合的港口与清洁能源融合场景，明确了以发电/储能系统-电网-港口装备/在港船舶用能为主体的港口综合能源系统拓扑结构，提出了包括政策扶持、技术创新、示范试点在内的多项发展路径。以宁波舟山港为对象，规划建设了以能源层、控制层、电网层和负荷层为核心的水运港-船多能源融合集成应用系统架构。依托于港区的自然禀赋，实现了以风能为主体，多种清洁能源互补的供能模式，预计的清洁能源发电量将超过14 MW，碳减排效果将超过20 000 t。
- 港口 /
- 清洁能源 /
- 综合能源系统 /
- 多能源融合 /
- 绿氢制备
Abstract: Clean energy provides a viable approach towards environmentally friendly, low-carbon development within the port industry. However, the lack of comprehensive planning and efficient utilization of accessible clean energy sources hinders a sustainable growth of China's port industry. To achieve the"Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality"goals for ports and address challenges of high energy consumption and carbon emissions, the limitations within the integration process between the Port and Clean energy are investigated both domestically and abroad. Key issues are identified, such as limited types of clean energy, low penetration rates of clean energy, challenges in multi-energy grid technology, and the absence of integrated green hydrogen applications. This paper studies the endowment of natural resources in ports and analyzes their energy consumption forms. In addition, a comprehensive energy system for ports is proposed, which involves multi-energy integration across three aspects of"source-grid-load", forming an architecture that focuses on reducing carbon emissions and enhancing self-sufficiency in energy. Furthermore, the structure of energy integration system, which includes power generation and hydrogen consumption, is further refined. This system identifies a topology structure for the port's comprehensive energy system, centered primarily on power systems, electrical grid, and energy consumption of the terminal. Developmental paths are also outlined, including the policy support, technological innovation, and demonstration trials. Moreover, taking Chuanshan port region of Ningbo Zhoushan Port as an example, this paper devises a waterborne port-vessel multi-energy integration application system architecture, with core components spanning energy, control, grid, and load layers. By utilizing the natural resources of the port region, a sustainable energy provision architecture has been devised, which is anchored by wind power and supported by supplementary clean energy options. The power generation replaced by clean energy is anticipated to surpass 14 MW, with an associated carbon emissions reduction exceeding 20 000 t. This paper exemplifies the integration of ports with clean energy, substantiating its practicability and efficacy, as well as providing a scientific reference for the future ecologically conscious and low-carbon development of port industry in China.
- port /
- clean energy /
- integrated energy system /
- multi-energy integration /
- green hydrogen production

HTML全文

图 1 港口基础设施用能形态

Figure 1. Energy consumption form of port infrastructure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 港口基础设施用能模式

Figure 2. Energy consumption mode of port infrastructure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 港口综合能源系统拓扑结构

Figure 3. Topological structure of comprehensive energy system in port

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 水运港-船多能源融合集成应用系统架构

Figure 4. Framework of port-ship multi-energy integration application system of water transport

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(23)

[1]	李晓易, 谭晓雨, 吴睿, 等. 交通运输领域碳达峰、碳中和路径研究[J]. 中国工程科学, 2021, 23(6): 15-21. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GCKX202106002.htm LI X Y, TAN X Y, WU R, et al. Paths for carbon peak and carbon neutrality in transport sector in China[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2021, 23(6): 15-21. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GCKX202106002.htm
[2]	YIN C Z, KE Y D, CHEN J H, et al. Interrelations between sea hub ports and inland hinterlands: Perspectives of multimodal freight transport organization and low carbon emissions[J]. Ocean & Coastal Management, 2021(214): 105919.
[3]	袁裕鹏, 袁成清, 徐洪磊, 等. 中国水路交通与能源融合发展路径探析[J]. 中国工程科学, 2022, 24(3): 184-194. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GCKX202203019.htm YUAN Y P, YUAN C Q, XU H L, et al. Pathway for integrated development of waterway transportation and energy in China[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2022, 24(3): 184-194. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GCKX202203019.htm
[4]	LEE C T, HASHIM H, HO C S, et al. Sustaining the low-car-bon emission development in Asia and beyond: Sustainableenergy, water, transportation and low-carbon emission technology[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017(146): 1-13.
[5]	赵景茜, 米翰宁, 程昊文, 等. 考虑岸电负荷弹性的港区综合能源系统规划模型与方法[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2021, 55(12): 1577-1585. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHJT202112008.htm ZHAO J Q, MI H N, CHENG H W, et al. A planning mode land method for an integrated port energy system considering shore power load flexibility[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2021, 55(12): 1577-1585. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHJT202112008.htm
[6]	王欣. 天津港区分布式能源优化规划研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2017. WANF X. Study on the optimization and planning of the distributed energy sources in Tianjin port[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2017. (in Chinese)
[7]	ANTONELLI M, CERAOLO M, DESIDERI U, et al. Hybridization of rubber tired gantry(RTG)cranes[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2017(12): 186-195.
[8]	IRIS A, LAM J. Optimal energy management and operations planning in seaports with smart grid while harnessing renewable energy under uncertainty[J]. Omega, 2021, 103(3): 102445.
[9]	ILIO G D, GIORGIO P D, TRIBIOLI L, et al. Preliminary design of a fuel cell/battery hybrid powertrain for a heavy-duty yard truck for port logistics[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2021(243): 114423.
[10]	VICHOS E, SIFAKIS N, TSOUTSOS T. Challenges of integrating hydrogen energy storage systems into nearly zero-energy ports[J]. Energy, 2021(241): 122878.
[11]	H2ports. Hydrogen Refuelling Station. [EB/OL]. (2020-06-01)[2023-01-10]. https://h2ports.eu/pilots/#1560789549136-9427f977-771c.
[12]	VERMA J, SHI D H, HAI K L, et al. Impact study for PV and ESS integration in Jurong port distribution grid[C]. 2018 Asian Conference on Energy, Power and Transportation Electrification(ACEPT), Singapore: IEEE, 2018.
[13]	丁敏. "双碳"目标导向对中国沿海港口化石能源运输市场的影响[J]. 中国港口, 2021(11): 1-6. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GUKO202111002.htm DING M. The impact of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality aim orientation on coastal port fossil energy transport market in China[J]. China Port, 2021(11): 1-6. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GUKO202111002.htm
[14]	毕志远, 薛宝明, 唐继波. 基于低碳环保的绿色港口转型升级应用案例[J]. 中国港口, 2021(12): 57-59. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GUKO202112024.htm BI Z Y, XUE B M, TANG J B. Application case of green port transformation and upgrading based on low carbon and environmental protection[J]. China Port, 2021(12): 57-59. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GUKO202112024.htm
[15]	江里舟, 别朝红, 龙涛, 等. 能源交通一体化系统发展模式与运行关键技术[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(4): 1285-1301. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGDC202204005.htm JIANG L Z, BIE C H, LONG T, et al. Development model and key technology of integrated energy and transportation system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42 (4): 1285-1301. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGDC202204005.htm
[16]	张丰婷, 杨菊花, 于江, 等. 基于海铁联运的集装箱班列服务路径优化[J]. 交通信息与安全, 2021, 39(4): 125-133. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.04.016 ZHANG F T, YANG J H, YU J, et al. Optimization of container train service route based on searail intermodal transportation[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2021, 39(4): 125-133. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.04.016
[17]	李睿瑜. 港口行业能效管理机制改进建议[J]. 水运管理, 2018, 40(1): 19-23. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYGL201801006.htm LI R Y. Suggestions on improvement of energy efficiency management mechanism in port industry[J]. Shipping Management, 2018, 40(1): 19-23. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYGL201801006.htm
[18]	HUA C Y, CHEN J H, ZHENG W, et al. Evaluation and governance of green development practice of port: A sea port case of China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020(249): 119434.
[19]	邢健. 能源港口达成碳达峰、碳中和目标路径[J]. 中国港口, 2021(20): 24-26. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GUKO202110010.htm XING J. Pathway for the energy port reaching to carbon peaking and carbon neutrality[J]. China Port, 2021, 10: 24-26. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GUKO202110010.htm
[20]	刘岢孟, 高俊莲, 孙旭东, 等. 中国港口城市氢能发展潜力与对策研究[J]. 中国工程科学, 2022, 24(3): 108-117. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GCKX202203012.htm LIU K M, GAO J L, SUN X D, et al. Hydrogen energy development potential and countermeasures of port cities in China[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2022, 24(3): 108-117. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GCKX202203012.htm
[21]	王凯. 能量回馈单元在港口龙门吊油改电项目上的应用及价值分析[J]. 电工技术, 2021(22): 179-184. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DGJY202122060.htm WANG K. Application and value analysis of energy feedback unit in port gantry crane oil to power project[J]. Electric Engineering, 2021(22): 179-184. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DGJY202122060.htm
[22]	于湉湉. 考虑泊位优化和多能协同的港口综合能源系统运行优化[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2021. YU T T. Integrated resource scheduling scheme for seaport considering berth allocation and multi-energy coordination[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2021. (in Chinese)
[23]	黄逸文, 黄文焘, 卫卫, 等. 大型海港综合能源系统物流-能量协同优化调度方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(17): 6184-6196. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGDC202217003.htm HUANG Y W, HUANG W T, WEI W, et al. Logistics-energy collaborative optimization scheduling method for large seaport integrated energy system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(17): 6184-6196. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGDC202217003.htm