基于驾驶人满意度的机场陆侧交通标志设计方案评价指标权重研究

刘祥敏; 李佳; 刘一兵; 赵晓华; 孙绍航; 陈开群

doi:10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2022.05.016

基于驾驶人满意度的机场陆侧交通标志设计方案评价指标权重研究

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2022.05.016

刘祥敏^1,,
李佳^{1, 2, ,},
刘一兵³,
赵晓华¹,
孙绍航¹,
陈开群⁴

1.
北京工业大学交通工程北京市重点实验室北京 100124
2.
北京交通工程学会北京 100160
3.
公安部道路交通安全研究中心北京 100062
4.
广西新发展交通集团有限公司南宁 530029

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 2019YFB1600504

广西壮族自治区交通运输厅科技示范工程项目 GXHS-2022-016

详细信息

作者简介:
刘祥敏（1996—），博士研究生.研究方向：驾驶行为与安全.E-mail：liuxiangmin@emails.bjut.edu.cn

通讯作者:
李佳（1990—），博士，讲师.研究方向：道路交通安全分析、驾驶行为分析等.E-mail：lijia18@bjut.edu.cn

中图分类号: U417.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-27
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-05

A Method for Specifying the Weights of Evaluation Indexes for Design Schemes of Landside Signs at Airports Based on Driver Satisfaction

1.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
2.
Beijing Traffic Engineering Society, Beijing 100160, China
3.
Road traffic safety research center of the Ministry of public security, Beijing 100062, China
4.
Guangxi Xinfazhan Communication Group Co., Ltd, Nanning 530029, China

摘要

摘要: 机场陆侧交通标志对驾驶人及时、准确地寻找目的地至关重要，交通标志设计应充分考虑驾驶人对标志信息的满意度。为此，针对北京大兴国际机场陆侧交通标志，采用均匀设计法提出8组交通标志设计方案，基于叙述性偏好（SP）实验设计调查问卷，在线发放并回收了357份有效问卷，从中获取驾驶人对各组设计方案的满意程度。采用多元多项式回归分析方法，分析陆侧标志文字高度、文字间距、出口方向信息位置、地点信息底色这4种信息要素对于信息满意度的影响，进而采用主观评测法得到各信息要素的权重。采用专家打分法构造判断矩阵，进而运用层次分析法确定各信息要素的权重。将主观测评方法和层次分析法得到的权重结果进行验证比较。结果表明：随着文字高度增加、文字间距变大，地点信息底色与出口方向信息底色对比越明显，驾驶人对于标志的满意度也随之增加；同时，出口方向信息位于左侧时，驾驶人对于标志的满意度更高；基于层次分析法和主观测评法得到的各信息要素权重排序一致，均为：地点信息底色 > 文字高度 > 出口方向信息位置 > 文字间距。该结果可以为机场陆侧交通标志设计提供可靠参考。
- 交通工程 /
- 机场陆侧交通标志 /
- 评价指标权重 /
- 信息满意度模型 /
- 层次分析
Abstract: Landside signs of airports are essential for drivers to find their destinations in a timely and convenient way. Therefore, drivers' satisfaction with traffic signs shall be fully considered during their design. Based on this, the design of the landside signs of Daxing International Airport in Beijing is taken as a case study, and the uniform design technique is used to develop eight design schemes. Based on a stated preference (SP) questionnaire, an online survey is carried out. A total of 357 valid questionnaires are collected from which driver satisfaction toward each scheme is obtained. Next, a multiple polynomial regression analysis technique is used to investigate the influences of the following four design elements (i.e., text height, text spacing, location of exit-information, and background color of location-information) on drivers' satisfaction toward landside signs, based on which a subjective evaluation method is adopted to select the weight of each design element. Further, an expert scoring method is used to develop a judgment matrix, based on which an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to determine the weight of each element. The results from the subjective evaluation method and the AHP method are compared and verified. Study results show that drivers would have higher satisfaction when the height or the spacing of the text is high, or the contrast between the background color of location-information and exit-information is enhanced. In addition, when the information of exit directions is located on the left side, drivers also have a higher satisfaction. The ranks of weights of the four elements based on the subjective evaluation method and the AHP method are consistent, that is, background color of location-information > text height > location of exit information > text spacing. The results from this study can be used as a reference for enhancing the design of landside signs of airports.
- traffic engineering /
- landside signs of airports /
- weights of evaluation indexes /
- information satisfaction model /
- analytic hierarchy process

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图 1 实验方案样式

Figure 1. Experiment scheme style

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 信息需求模型

Figure 2. Information demand model

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图 3 模型计算步骤

Figure 3. Model calculation steps

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 因素和水平

Table 1. Factors and levels

水平数	实验因素
	文字高度/cm	文字间距		出口方向信息位置	地点信息底色
	文字高度/cm	取值标准	数值/cm	出口方向信息位置	地点信息底色
1	40	20%字高	8	左	蓝色
2	50	40%字高	20	右	白色
3	60	60%字高	36	下	青色
4	70	80%字高	56		灰色
5					品红
6					橙色
7					紫色
8					绿色

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 均匀设计方案

Table 2. Uniform Design Experimentation

方案编号	文字高度/cm	文字间距		出口方向信息位置	地点信息底色
方案编号	文字高度/cm	取值标准	数值/cm	出口方向信息位置	地点信息底色
1	40	40%字高	16	右	青色
2	50	80%字高	40	右	白色
3	70	80%字高	56	左	品红
4	60	40%字高	24	左	紫色
5	40	20%字高	8	下	灰色
6	60	20%字高	12	左	绿色
7	50	60%字高	30	下	蓝色
8	70	60%字高	42	右	橙色

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表 3 问卷数据信度分析

Table 3. Reliability analysis of questionnaire data

Cronbach's α	项目个数
0.676	8

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表 4 多元多项式回归模型偏相关系数表

Table 4. Partial correlation coefficient of multivariate polynomial regression model

模型	未标准化系数		标准化系数	t	显著性
模型	B	标准误差	Beta	t	显著性
（常量）	-7.4620	1.221		-5.2620	< 0.001
Y₁	0.516	0.012	4.600	6.242	< 0.001
Y₂	0.256	0.127	1.213	8.631	< 0.001
Y₃	0.361	0.052	3.126	6.285	< 0.001
Y₄	0.722	0.064	6.532	5.321	< 0.001

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表 5 判断矩阵标准度

Table 5. Standard degree of judgment matrix

标度V_m/V_n	含义
1	同等重要
3	稍微重要
5	较为重要
7	非常重要
9	极端重要
2，4，6，8	介于之间

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表 6 判断矩阵

Table 6. Judgement matrix

因素	Z	Y₁	Y₂	Y₃	Y₄
文字高度	Y₁	1	5	1	1/3
文字间距	Y₂	1/5	1	1/3	1/7
出口方向信息位置	Y₃	1	3	1	1/3
地点信息底色	Y₄	3	7	3	1

下载: 导出CSV

表 7 主观评测结果

Table 7. Subjective evaluation results

选项	平均综合得分	所占比例/%
地点信息底色	3.13	34.80
文字高度	2.76	30.70
出口方向信息位置	1.82	20.30
文字间距	1.28	14.20

下载: 导出CSV

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