Influences of Nighttime Supplemental Light for Road Monitoring on Driving Safety of Young Drivers
-
摘要: 为了研究夜间环境道路监控补光灯对青年驾驶员驾驶行为的影响，考虑不同光照强度和是否存在行人横穿道路行为2个变量，通过UC-win/Road软件设计城市道路仿真场景，采用驾驶模拟器开展试验，并结合眼动仪、生理记录仪采集青年驾驶员的视觉、生理及驾驶操作3种特性指标。再利用重复测量方差分析方法，分析变量对青年驾驶员的3种特性的影响及其显著性水平。结果表明：①无论是否存在行人横穿道路行为，随着光照强度的增加，青年驾驶员的注视时间、瞳孔面积变化率及脑电(α+θ)/β均减小，心率增长率、制动踏板深度比例及制动反应距离均增加，表明光照强度越大对青年驾驶员的视觉、生理、驾驶操作特性越不利；②在存在行人横穿道路行为时，光照强度对青年驾驶员的视觉、生理及驾驶操作特性的影响更加明显；③当光照强度小于50 lx时，脑电(α+θ)/β和驾驶操作指标变化较缓，而光照强度大于50 lx时，脑电(α+θ)/β指标下降显著，变化率大于10%，其数值低于3.70，表明青年驾驶员产生情绪波动，警觉性显著增大，制动踏板深度比例显著增大，其数值大于0.55，制动反应距离超过13.40 m，制动操作力度较大，操作稳定性降低，且避让行人的成功率显著降低，不利于夜间行车。因此，建议道路监控补光灯的光照强度宜小于50 lx。Abstract: To study the influences of nighttime supplemental light for road monitoring on young drivers, a simulation of urban road that consider light intensity and crossing behaviors of pedestrians are designed by the software of UC-win/Road. The simulation is carried out with a driving simulator. The visual, physiological, and driving operational characteristics of drivers are collected by an eye tracker and physiological instruments. The repeated measures variance (ANOVA) is applied to analyze the influences of variables on three characteristics of young drivers and their significance. The results reveal the following facts. ① Regardless of whether there are crossing behaviors of pedestrians, with the increase of light intensity, the gaze duration, change rate of pupil area, and electroencephalogram (EEG) (α+θ)/β of young drivers all decrease, while the growth rate of heart rate, brake pedal depth ratio, and braking response distance increase. It indicates that the increasing light intensity adversely affects the visual, physiological, and driving operation characteristics of young drivers. ② When there are crossing behaviors of pedestrians, the light intensity has a more obvious effect on the visual, physiological, and driving characteristics of young drivers. ③ When the light intensity is less than 50 lx, the change of EEG (α+θ)/β and driving operation indicators of young drivers are slow. When the light intensity is greater than 50 lx, the EEG (α+θ)/β significantly decreases, with a change rate greater than 10%, and the value is less than 3.70, indicating that the young drivers have emotional fluctuations and significantly increased alertness. Meanwhile the brake pedal depth ratio significantly increases (greater than 0.55), and the braking response distance exceeds 13.40 m, indicating that the young drivers' braking operation is stronger than the usual, their operation stability decreases, and the success rate of avoiding pedestrians is significantly reduced, which is not conducive to driving at night. Therefore, it is recommended that the light intensity of nighttime supplemental light for road monitoring should be less than 50 lx.
-
图 6 不同光照强度的瞳孔面积变化率
Figure 6. Change rate of pupil area under different light intensities
图 10 不同光照强度的制动反应距离
Figure 10. Braking response distance of different light intensities
表 1 试验场景中变量参数的设置
Table 1. Parameter setting of variables in tests cenes
场景编号 光照强度/lx 有无行人横穿道路 1 10 无 2 10 有 3 30 无 4 30 有 5 50 无 6 50 有 7 70 无 8 70 有 9 90 无 10 90 有 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 不同光照强度注视时间方差统计分析
Table 2. Post-hoc analysis of gaze duration in different light intensities
光照强度/lx 平均值差值 显著性 95%置信区间 下限 上限 10与30 0.211* < 0.01 0.191 0.232 10与50 0.286* < 0.01 0.263 0.308 10与70 0.330* < 0.01 0.304 0.357 10与90 0.397* < 0.01 0.371 0.423 30与50 0.074* < 0.01 0.065 0.084 30与70 0.119* < 0.01 0.104 0.134 30与90 0.186* < 0.01 0.173 0.199 50与70 0.044* < 0.01 0.029 0.059 50与90 0.112* < 0.01 0.097 0.126 70与90 0.067* < 0.01 0.051 0.084 注：*表示在p < 0. 05水平下存在显著差异
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 不同光照强度HRGR方差统计分析
Table 3. Post-hoc analysis of HRGR in different light intensities
光照强度/lx 平均值差值/% 显著性 95%置信区间/% 下限 上限 10与30 -1.17 > 0.05 -2.35 0.01 10与50 -2.10* 0.007 -3.59 -0.64 10与70 -4.00* < 0.001 -5.16 -2.93 10与90 -6.20* < 0.001 -7.56 -4.90 30与50 -0.95 > 0.05 -2.26 0.36 30与70 -2.90* 0.001 -4.36 -1.40 30与90 -5.10* < 0.001 -6.56 -3.57 50与70 -1.90* 0.048 -3.84 -0.02 50与90 -4.10* < 0.001 -5.95 -2.27 70与90 -2.20* 0.002 -3.49 -0.88 注：*表示在p < 0. 05水平下存在显著差异
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 制动踏板深度比例方差统计分析
Table 4. Post-hoc analysis of brake pedal depth ratio
光照强度/lx 平均值差值 显著性 95%置信区间 下限 上限 10与30 -0.05 > 0.05 -0.10 0.01 10与50 -0.06* 0.02 -0.12 -0.01 10与70 -0.17* < 0.01 -0.26 -0.08 10与90 -0.21* < 0.01 -0.29 -0.13 30与50 -0.02 > 0.05 -0.07 0.04 30与70 -0.12* < 0.01 -0.19 -0.06 30与90 -0.16* < 0.01 -0.23 -0.10 50与70 -0.11* 0.01 -0.18 -0.03 50与90 -0.15* < 0.01 -0.20 -0.09 70与90 -0.04 > 0.05 -0.09 0.01 注：*表示在p < 0.05水平下存在显著差异
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 不同光照强度的避让行人成功率
Table 5. Pedestrian avoidance success rate of different light intensities
光照强度/lx 避让行人成功率/% 10 100 30 100 50 95 70 90 90 85
下载: 导出CSV
表 6 制动反应距离方差统计分析
Table 6. Post-hoc analysis of braking response distance
光照强度/lx 平均值差值 显著性 95%置信区间 下限 上限 10与30 -0.84* 0.01 -1.45 -0.24 10与50 -1.12* < 0.01 -1.67 -0.58 10与70 -1.40* < 0.01 -1.83 -0.96 10与90 -2.37* < 0.01 -2.87 -1.87 30与50 -0.28 > 0.05 -0.88 0.32 30与70 -0.55 > 0.05 -1.15 0.04 30与90 -1.52* < 0.01 -2.19 -0.86 50与70 -0.27 > 0.05 -0.76 0.21 50与90 -1.24* < 0.01 -1.74 -0.75 70与90 -0.97* < 0.01 -1.40 -0.54 注：*表示在p < 0. 05水平下存在显著差异
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2021.National Bureau of Statistics. China statistical yearbook[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2021. (in Chinese) [2] 卜伶俐. 城市道路灯光照明对行车安全的影响[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2013.BO L L. Influence of traffic safety of urban road illumination[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2013. (in Chinese) [3] 唐旭. 日光眩光对驾驶员影响的研究[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2019.TANG X. Research on the influence of sunlight glareon drivers[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2019. (in Chinese) [4] 黄义贤. 基于DIALux模拟试验的小城市道路照明方式探讨[J]. 照明工程学报, 2016, 27(4): 27-32. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZMGX201604005.htmHUANG Y X. Discussion on the small city road lighting way based on experimental simulation of DIALux[J]. China Illuminating Engineering Journal, 2016, 27(4): 27-32. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZMGX201604005.htm [5] GONZÁLEZ-HERNÁNSEZ B, USAMI D S, PRASOLENKO O, et al. The driver's visual perception research to analyze pedestrian safety at twilight[J]. Transportation Research Procedia, 2020(45): 827-834. [6] UTTLEY J, FOTIOS S. The effect of ambient light condition on road traffic collisions involving pedestrians on pedestrian crossings[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2017(108): 189-200. [7] BOADI-KUSI S B, AUSTIN E, ABU S L, et al. Disability glare and nighttime driving performance among commercial drivers in Ghana[J]. J Occup Health, 2021, 63(1): e12279. [8] 中华人民共和国公安部. 交通技术监控成像补光装置通用技术要求: GA/T 1202—2014[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2014.The Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China. General technical specifications for fill light devices of traffic monitoring cameras: GA/T1202—2014[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2014. (in Chinese) [9] 全利, 何荥. 浅谈重庆地区道路监控补光照明对机动车驾驶员的影响[J]. 灯与照明, 2016, 40(3): 19-20. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-5521.2016.03.005QUAN L, HE R. The impact of traffic monitoring fill illuminance on motor vehicle drivers in chongqiong[J]. Light &Lighting, 2016, 40(3): 19-20. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-5521.2016.03.005 [10] 许巧云. LED道路监控补光灯眩光危害评价方法研究[J]. 中国照明电器, 2017(9): 58-62. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6150.2017.09.013XU Q Y. Research on the glare evaluation method for LED road monitoring supplement light[J]. China Light &Lighting, 2017(9): 58-62. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6150.2017.09.013 [11] 黄磊, 马静洁, 曹明, 等. 基于交通技术监控成像补光装置的眩光控制方法[J]. 照明工程学报, 2020, 31(6): 164-170. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-440X.2020.06.026HUANG L, MA J J, CAO M, et al. The glare control method of the monitoring and imaging supplementary light device based on traffic technology[J]. China Illuminating Engineering Jourmal, 2020, 31(6): 164-170. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-440X.2020.06.026 [12] CAI X, QUAN L, WU J, et al. Night-time disability glare of constant-light LED traffic monitoring fill light[J]. Lighting Research & Technology, 2021, 53(6): 595-608. [13] 赵晓华, 鞠云杰, 李佳, 等. 基于驾驶行为和视觉特性的长大隧道突起路标作用效果评估[J]. 中国公路学报, 2020, 33 (6): 29-41. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7372.2020.06.003ZHAO X H, JU Y J, LI J, et al. Evaluation of the effect of RPMs in extra-long tunnels based on driving behavior and visual characteristics[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2020, 33(6): 29-41. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7372.2020.06.003 [14] 李玮晟. 道路监控补光灯的眩光效应及其改善措施[D]. 广东深圳: 深圳大学, 2020.LI W S. Glare effect and improvement measures of road monitoring fill light[D]. Shenzhen, Guangdong: Shenzhen University, 2020. (in Chinese) [15] 夏义红, 妮尕尔阿依·塔伊尔, 毛思晴, 等. 道路常亮型LED补光灯对驾驶人员的视觉影响[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2021, 17(5): 176-181. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LDBK202105034.htmXIA Y H, TAYIR N, MAO S Q, et al. Influence of road always-on LED supplementary lamp on drivers' vision[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2021, 17(5): 176-181. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LDBK202105034.htm [16] 任福田. 交通工程心理学[M]. 北京: 北京工业大学出版社, 1993.REN F T. Traffic engineering psychology[M]. Beijing: Beijing University of Technology Press, 1993. (in Chinese) [17] 梁波, 董越, 闫自海, 等. 基于眼动特性的隧道中间段光环境参数敏感性分析[J]. 交通信息与安全, 2021, 39(6): 91-99. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.06.011LIANG B, DONG Y, YAN Z H, et al. A sensitivity analysis of lighting condition parameters in the middle section of tunnel based on biomass index[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2021, 39(6): 91-99. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.06.011 [18] WANG S, DU Z, CHEN G, et al. Drivers'visual characteristics in small-radius optically long tunnels on rural roads[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2021 (113): 103969. [19] 杜志刚, 黄发明, 严新平, 等. 基于瞳孔面积变动的公路隧道明暗适应时间[J]. 公路交通科技, 2013, 30(5): 98-102. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0268.2013.05.016DU Z G, HUANG F M, YAN X P, et al. Light and dark adaption time based on pupil area variation at entrance and exit areas of highway tunnel[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2013, 30(5): 98-102. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0268.2013.05.016 [20] 胡江碧, 李然, 马勇. 高速公路隧道入口段照明安全阈值评价方法[J]. 中国公路学报, 2014, 27(3): 92-99. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGL201403017.htmHU J B, LI R, MAY. Safety threshold evaluation method for expressway tunnel lighting in entrance section[J]. China Journal of Highway andTransport, 2014, 27(3): 92-99. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGL201403017.htm [21] 路巧珍. 驾驶人警觉性时变规律与信息激励效应研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2017.LU Q Z. Study on the time regulation and information incentive effect of driver's vigilance[J]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2017. (in Chinese) [22] 焦朋朋, 张羽佳, 孙博. 不同干预方式下右转车辆避让行人效果研究[J]. 中国公路学报, 2020, 33(6): 42-53. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7372.2020.06.004JIAO P P, ZHANG Y J, SUN B. Effect of intervention mode on avoidance of pedestrians by right-turning vehicles[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2020, 33(6): 42-53. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7372.2020.06.004 [23] 杨静思, 闫学东, 段克, 等. 基于驾驶模拟器的性别对信控铁路道口抵近行为的影响研究[J]. 中国公路学报, 2020, 33 (6): 54-64. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7372.2020.06.005YANG J S, YAN X D, DUAN K, et al. Effect of gender on approach behavior at flashing light grade crossings base on driving simulator[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2020, 33(6): 54-64. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7372.2020.06.005 [24] 潘文献. 驾驶员安全可靠度分析[J]. 工业安全与环保, 2010, 36(3): 56-58. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYAF201003028.htmPAN W X. Analysis of the driver's safety reliability[J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection, 2010, 36(3): 56-58. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYAF201003028.htm -
点击查看大图
图(10) / 表(6)
计量
- 文章访问数: 667
- HTML全文浏览量: 277
- PDF下载量: 27
- 被引次数: 0