基于安全车速的北京冬奥会山地道路冰雪路面通行能力研究

郭娅眀; 李萌; 李昀轩; 闫慧敏; 王笑颜

doi:10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2022.04.006

基于安全车速的北京冬奥会山地道路冰雪路面通行能力研究

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2022.04.006

清华大学土木水利学院北京 100084

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 2018YFB1601600

中国博士后科学基金项目 2021M701899

详细信息

作者简介:
郭娅眀（1988—），硕士，工程师. 研究方向：智能交通. E-mail：guoyaming213@126.com

通讯作者:
李昀轩（1989—），博士，助理研究员. 研究方向：交通安全、应急管控. E-mail: liyunxuan_1989@163.com

中图分类号: U491.31
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-10
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-17

Capacity of Mountainous Roads with Ice and Snow Pavement During Beijing Winter Olympics Based on a Safe Speed Model

School of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

摘要

摘要: 复杂山地线形和道路冰雪路面结合条件下的安全车速设置及通行能力保障是交通管理面临的新挑战。针对北京冬奥会延庆赛区复杂山地道路冰雪路面场景，建立了安全车速与道路线形设计及路面附着系数之间的关系，以安全车速为依据得到了不同路面条件下山地道路的通行能力。依据道路平曲线、竖曲线和横断面数据建立了山地道路三维空间模型；分析了车辆在山地道路平纵组合路段的受力情况，构建了车辆安全行驶速度与圆曲线半径、道路超高、纵坡坡度和路面附着系数的关系模型，并分析了基于安全车速模型的道路通行能力。为了验证模型，选取2种常见的冰雪路面状况和2种常用的车辆类型，获得不同条件下山地道路冰雪路面的安全车速。采用VISSIM软件设计了20种仿真场景，结合道路实测数据验证了安全车速模型的对山地道路冰雪路面车辆安全行驶的提升作用。实测与结果表明：相比全程单一限速模型，所建立的安全车速模型在冰膜路面的行程时间缩短了约38%（小汽车）和32%（大客车），雪板路面的行程时间缩短了约26%（小汽车）和24%（大客车）。山地道路交通流量存在1个自由流到饱和流的相变过程，冰膜路面小汽车下行最大交通量为241辆/h（单向行驶）和231辆/h（双向行驶），大客车下行最大交通量为227辆/h（单向行驶）和222辆/h（双向行驶）；雪板路面小汽车下行最大交通量为319辆/h（单向行驶）和249辆/h（双向行驶），大客车下行最大交通量为301辆/h（单向行驶）和236辆/h（双向行驶）。
- 交通安全 /
- 山地道路 /
- 安全车速 /
- 通行能力 /
- 交通仿真
Abstract: A novel challenge for traffic management is setting speed limits as well as guaranteeing road capacity under complex mountainous roads under the condition of ice and snow pavement. A safe speed model is proposed to solve this problem in Yanqing competition zone of Beijing Winter Olympics. The model studies relationships of safe speed, road alignment design, and adhesion coefficient, taking the safe speed as a basis to obtain the critical road capacity of mountainous roads under different conditions. A three-dimensional spatial model of mountainous road is developed by combining road horizontal curve, vertical curve, and cross section data. Based on the model, the forces acting on the vehicle in a mountainous road section of horizontal and vertical alignments is analyzed. The relationships between the safe speed and its influencing factors including radius of curves, road superelevation, downward slope, and adhesion coefficients of road is studied. The road capacity is analyzed based on the safe speed model. Two pavement conditions and two vehicle types are selected as case studies to obtain safe speeds on ice and snow pavement of mountain roads under different conditions. A total of 20 simulation scenarios are designed by VISSIM to verify the safe model. Combined with the actual traffic data, the simulation results show that compared with the traditional full speed limit model, the travel time of the developed model can reduce by 38% (car) and 32% (bus) with ice pavement; and reduce by 26% (car) and 24% (bus) with snow pavement. In addition, there is a phase transition from free flow to saturated flow in the traffic flow of mountainous road. The maximum road capacity for cars of the downward slope with ice pavement is 241 vehicles/h (one-way driving) and 231 vehicles/h (two-way driving); for buses is 227 vehicles/h (one-way driving) and 222 vehicles/h (two-way driving). The maximum road capacity for cars of the downward slope with snow pavement is 319 vehicles/h (one-way driving) and 249 vehicles/ h (two-way driving); for buses is 301 vehicles/h (one-way driving) and 236 vehicles/h (two-way driving).
- traffic safety /
- mountainous road /
- safe speed /
- road capacity /
- traffic simulation

HTML全文

图 1 冬奥会延庆赛区山地道路二维平面示意图

Figure 1. The geometric of mountainous roads in Yanqing competition area of Beijing Winter Olympics

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图 2 道路三维空间模型算法流程图

Figure 2. The process of 3D spatial model of mountainous roads

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图 3 延庆赛区山地道路三维空间可视化图

Figure 3. 3D spatial diagram of mountainous roads in the Yanqing competition area

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图 4 平纵组合路段车辆受力情况示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the vehicle forces on roadway geometric

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图 5 轿车安全车速图

Figure 5. The safety speed limit of cars

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图 6 大客车安全车速图

Figure 6. The safety speed limit of buses

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图 7 下坡行程安全车速和实测车速对比图

Figure 7. Comparison of safe speed and tested speed for the downward slope

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图 8 2种路面条件下道路通过车辆仿真结果

Figure 8. Simulation results of road traffic flow under ice and snow pavement

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图 9 2种路面条件下车辆行程时间仿真结果

Figure 9. Simulation results of travel time under ice and snow pavement

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表 1 不同路面附着系数

Table 1. Road adhesion coefficients of different road pavements

路面	μ	μ_h
冰膜	0.1	0.06
雪板	0.22	0.132

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表 2 北京冬奥会专用车辆车型结构参数

Table 2. Structural parameters of vehicles for Beijing Winter Olympic

车型	轴距l /m	质心至前轴距离l₁ /m	质心至后轴距离l₂ /m	质心高度h_g/m
轿车	2.6	1.2	1.4	0.5
大客车	6.05	3.106	2.944	1.2

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表 3 不同场景下路段行程时间结果

Table 3. Travel time results in different scenarios

测试场景		路段行程时间/min
		车辆全部下行		上下行车辆比例1:1
		轿车	大客车	轿车	大客车
实测数据	实验人1		26.54
实测数据	实验人2		25.39
全程限速(km/h)	10	42.15	42.39	50.28	56.95
	15	28.3	28.52	37.15	39.28
	20	22.25	22.54	33.35	35.88
安全车速	冰膜路面	26.16	28.83	31.05	34.08
安全车速	雪板路面	21.01	21.42	26.23	27.13

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