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基于组合赋权-云模型的水上机场场址评价方法

翁建军 刘管江

翁建军, 刘管江. 基于组合赋权-云模型的水上机场场址评价方法[J]. 交通信息与安全, 2022, 40(2): 126-134. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2022.02.015
引用本文: 翁建军, 刘管江. 基于组合赋权-云模型的水上机场场址评价方法[J]. 交通信息与安全, 2022, 40(2): 126-134. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2022.02.015
WENG Jianjun, LIU Guanjiang. A Site Evaluation of Water Aerodrome Based on Combined Weighting and a Cloud Model[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2022, 40(2): 126-134. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2022.02.015
Citation: WENG Jianjun, LIU Guanjiang. A Site Evaluation of Water Aerodrome Based on Combined Weighting and a Cloud Model[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2022, 40(2): 126-134. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2022.02.015

基于组合赋权-云模型的水上机场场址评价方法

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2022.02.015
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金项目 51809206

详细信息
    通讯作者:

    翁建军(1965—)硕士,教授.研究方向:船舶避碰,海事管理理论与技术. E-mail:wjj11233@163.com

  • 中图分类号: U656.1

A Site Evaluation of Water Aerodrome Based on Combined Weighting and a Cloud Model

  • 摘要: 当水上机场与航道共处于同一片水域时,难免会形成水上飞机与船舶的会遇局面,对水上飞机的起降、滑行安全以及附近水域的船舶航行安全造成影响。为保障水上飞机和船舶的安全,评价水上机场场址的合理性与安全性尤为重要。提出了组合赋权和云模型相结合的水上机场场址评价方法,选取了气象环境、水文环境、通航环境和起降水域空域环境4个一级评价指标和11个二级评价指标,构建了水上机场场址评价指标体系。利用改进层次分析法与熵权法分别求得评价指标的主客观权重,以偏差极小化为目标,引入对策模型计算主客观权重最优的线性组合系数,获得组合权重,结合云模型构建了水上机场场址综合评价模型。以镇江大路水上机场为例进行实例验证,结果表明:镇江大路水上机场场址的评价结果为较好。该机场自建成运营以来未发生安全事故,评价结果与该机场的实际运营情况相符。同时在计算过程中云模型兼顾了数据的随机性和模糊性,可以较好地解决模糊综合评价法在隶属度函数选择时的不确定性问题,进一步增加了评价结果的可靠性。与经典的模糊综合评价法进行对比验证,二者的评价结果一致,验证了该模型的有效性和实用性,该模型可用于拟建水上机场的选址,也可对已建机场的营运安全进行评估分析。

     

  • 图  1  水上机场场址评价指标体系

    Figure  1.  An evaluation system of water aerodrome site

    图  2  云图示意图

    Figure  2.  Cloud model map diagram

    图  3  标准评价云

    Figure  3.  Standard evaluation cloud model

    图  4  水上机场概位

    Figure  4.  General location of seadrome

    图  5  指标权重对比

    Figure  5.  Index weight comparison

    图  6  A1A2A3指标云图

    Figure  6.  Index cloud map of A1, A2 and A3

    图  7  B1B2B3B4指标云图

    Figure  7.  Index cloud map of B1, B2, B3 and B4

    图  8  C1C2指标云图

    Figure  8.  Index cloud map of C1 and C2

    图  9  D1D2指标云图

    Figure  9.  Index cloud map of D1 and D2

    图  10  综合评价云与标准评价云对比

    Figure  10.  Comparison between comprehensive evaluation cloud and standard evaluation cloud

    表  1  水上机场场址评价指标

    Table  1.   Evaluation indicators of water aerodrome site

    指标 描述
    风速A1 机体受风的影响较大,风速越大,起降危险程度越高
    气象环境A 跑道与盛行风夹角A2 跑道方向应尽可能与盛行风方向一致,二者夹角越大,飞机起降越危险
    能见度不良天数A3 水上飞机目视起降,能见度不良天气对飞机起降安全影响大
    流速B1 水上跑道水流流速宜小于1.5 m/s
    水文环境B 水深B2 水深应满足机型满载吃水要求,且有足够的富裕水深
    潮汐B3 潮差越大,可能致低潮时水深不足而需疏浚跑道,建设成本就越大
    浪高B4 水面扰动以适度为宜,涟漪或者浪高在7.5~15 cm之间为好
    通航环境C 船舶流量C1 水上机场附近水域船舶流量越大,对水上飞机运营安全影响越大
    与航道间距C2 机场与航道的间距越近,船舶与飞机的相互影响越大,碰撞危险程度越高
    起降水域的空域环境D 与桥梁、架空电缆距离D1 桥梁、架空电缆与跑道前方距离越近,对水上飞机的起降安全影响越大
    航道与跑道前方交叉,船舶水线上高度D2 船舶水线以上高度越高,飞机起降跨越船舶上空时危险程度越大
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  评价等级云数字特征

    Table  2.   Cloud digital characteristics of evaluation grade

    评价等级 区间 Ex En He
       差 [0, 2] 1 0.33 0.05
       较差 [2, 4] 3 0.33 0.05
       一般 [4, 6] 5 0.33 0.05
       较好 [6, 8] 7 0.33 0.05
       好 [8, 10] 9 0.33 0.05
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  指标权重

    Table  3.   Index weights

    指标 A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 B4 C1 C2 D1 D2
    w1 0.117 3 0.117 3 0.064 0 0.117 3 0.051 6 0.057 4 0.081 8 0.146 5 0.081 8 0.092 5 0.072 5
    w2 0.089 3 0.118 6 0.1028 0.051 9 0.075 5 0.108 4 0.061 2 0.1529 0.103 8 0.076 5 0.059 1
    w* 0.099 8 0.118 1 0.088 2 0.076 5 0.066 5 0.089 3 0.069 0 0.150 5 0.095 5 0.082 5 0.064 1
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  指标等级划分

    Table  4.   Index grade division

    等级指标 好[8, 10] 较好[6, 8] 一般[4, 6] 较差[2, 4] 差[0, 2]
    风速(m/s) < 3 3~4 4~5 5~6 > 6
    与盛行风夹角(°) < 18 18 ~36 36~54 54~72 72~90
    雾天/d < 20 20 ~40 40~60 60~80 > 80
    流速(m/s) < 0.75 0.75 ~1.5 1.5 ~2.25 2.25~3 > 3
    水深(m) > 2.5 2.0 ~2.5 1.5 ~2.0 1.0 ~1.5 < 1.0
    潮差(m) < 0.6 0.6 ~1.2 1.2 ~1.8 1.8 ~2.4 > 2.4
    浪高/(cm) < 15 15~30 30~45 45~60 > 60
    船舶流量(艘/d) < 200 200~300 300~400 400~500 > 500
    与航道间距/(m) > 200 150~200 100~150 50~100 < 50
    桥梁架空电缆与跑道前方距离(m) > 2 500 > 2 000~2 500 > 1 500~2 000 > 1 000~1 500 < 1 000
    船舶水线上高度/(m) ≤ 5 > 5 ~10 > 10 ~15 > 15 ~20 > 20
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  量纲统一数据

    Table  5.   Dimensional unified data

    指标 评分值
    A1 8.3 8.6 7.9 8.4 8.2 7.8 8.3 8.6 8.9 8.7 8.1 8.5
    A2 5.9 6.0 5.5 5.6 6.1 6.2 5.7 5.5 5.8 6.1 6.2 6.1
    A3 5.2 5.1 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.3 5.4 5.0 5.1 4.9 5.4 5.5
    B1 8.7 8.8 8.5 8..6 8.9 8.8 8.3 8.4 8.6 8.1 8.2 8.7
    B2 5.2 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.0 5.3 4.9 5.1 5.1 4.8 4.9
    B3 6.6 6.8 6.6 6.7 7.4 7.5 7.2 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.2 7.1
    B4 7.9 8.1 7.8 7.6 8.1 8.2 7.9 7.5 7.8 8.2 7.7 7.5
    C1 9.1 8.8 7.8 8.7 8.6 7.9 8.6 8.7 7.7 8.4 8.5 8.3
    C2 8.5 8.6 8.4 7.7 8.7 8.6 8.2 8.3 7.8 7.9 8.4 8.7
    D1 8.3 8.4 8.1 7.8 8.2 8.5 8.4 7.9 7.7 8.6 8.5 8.4
    D2 8.4 8.8 8.1 8.3 8.2 8.4 9.0 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.7
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  指标云数字特征参数

    Table  6.   Indicator cloud digital characteristic parameters

    指标 Ex En He
    A1 8.358 3 0.353 2 0.135 9
    A2 5.891 7 0.309 5 0.160 9
    A3 5.283 3 0.254 5 0.126 3
    B1 8.550 0 0.284 8 0.128 8
    B2 5.108 3 0.195 6 0.068 5
    B3 6.983 3 0.341 8 0.162 0
    B4 7.858 3 0.284 8 0.129 1
    C1 8.425 0 0.461 4 0.170 5
    C2 8.316 7 0.383 6 0.160 1
    D1 8.233 3 0.334 2 0.1543
    D2 8.541 7 0.307 6 0.145 2
    下载: 导出CSV
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