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基于眼动特性的隧道中间段光环境参数敏感性分析

梁波 董越 闫自海 罗建强 牛佳安

梁波, 董越, 闫自海, 罗建强, 牛佳安. 基于眼动特性的隧道中间段光环境参数敏感性分析[J]. 交通信息与安全, 2021, 39(6): 91-99. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.06.011
引用本文: 梁波, 董越, 闫自海, 罗建强, 牛佳安. 基于眼动特性的隧道中间段光环境参数敏感性分析[J]. 交通信息与安全, 2021, 39(6): 91-99. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.06.011
LIANG Bo, DONG Yue, YAN Zihai, LUO Jianqiang, NIU Jiaan. A Sensitivity Analysis of Lighting Condition Parameters in the Middle Section of Tunnel Based on Biomass Index[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2021, 39(6): 91-99. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.06.011
Citation: LIANG Bo, DONG Yue, YAN Zihai, LUO Jianqiang, NIU Jiaan. A Sensitivity Analysis of Lighting Condition Parameters in the Middle Section of Tunnel Based on Biomass Index[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2021, 39(6): 91-99. doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.06.011

基于眼动特性的隧道中间段光环境参数敏感性分析

doi: 10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2021.06.011
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金项目 51878107

详细信息
    通讯作者:

    梁波(1964—),博士,教授. 研究方向:隧道与地下工程结构、运营安全分析和技术应用研究. E-mail:liang_laoshi@126.com

  • 中图分类号: U458.1

A Sensitivity Analysis of Lighting Condition Parameters in the Middle Section of Tunnel Based on Biomass Index

  • 摘要: 为了解决以往研究缺乏多样本对多因素条件下隧道中间段光环境敏感性感知试验研究的问题, 采用正交试验设计。设置16组(4因素、4水平)试验工况, 利用DIALux仿真软件建立隧道仿真模型, 并基于室内仿真模拟试验平台开展动态行车试验, 通过SMI眼动仪对30名试验人员瞳孔直径分别进行3次有效测量, 并剔除异常数据。研究了在隧道中间段行车时灯具布置方式、侧壁反光涂料布设高度、侧壁反光涂料颜色及LED光源色温等光环境组成参数对驾驶员瞳孔直径的影响规律。运用极差分析和方差分析相结合的方式分析了各试验参数对瞳孔直径影响程度主次关系和显著性水平, 并对室内仿真实验的可靠性进行了验证。结果表明: 选取的试验参数均对瞳孔直径都有显著性影响, 且影响程度从大到小依次是, 灯具的布设方式、LED光源色温、侧壁反光涂料颜色、侧壁反光涂料布设高度。根据本次试验结果选取的较优水平组合为, 沿中线布灯, 侧壁反光涂料布设高度为2 m, 侧壁反光涂料颜色为白色, LED光源色温为4 500 K。

     

  • 图  1  模拟动画视频截图(中线布灯+2 m+黄色+3 500 K)

    Figure  1.  Screenshot of the simulated animation video (centerline light +2 m+ yellow +3 500 K)

    图  2  眼动仪调试过程

    Figure  2.  Debugging process of the eye tracker

    图  3  试验过程

    Figure  3.  Test process

    图  4  因素与瞳孔直径指标的关系

    Figure  4.  Relationship between factors and pupil diameters

    图  5  试验测量过程

    Figure  5.  Test measurement process

    图  6  DIAlux计算亮度与测量亮度对比

    Figure  6.  Comparison between calculated and measured brightness of Dialux

    表  1  灯具布置形式

    Table  1.   Layout of lamps and lanterns

    灯具布置方式 单侧灯具间距/m 单盏灯具光通量/lm
    中线 10 9 000
    中线偏侧 10 9 000
    两侧交错 20 9 000
    两侧对称 10 4 500
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  试验因素水平

    Table  2.   Tested factor level table

    水平 因素
    A B C D
    1 中线 2 黄色 3 500
    2 中线偏侧 2.5 白色 4 500
    3 两侧交错 3 蓝色 5 500
    4 两侧对称 3.5 绿色 6 500
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  照明试验方案

    Table  3.   Lighting test scheme

    工况 因素
    A B C D E
    1 中线 2 黄色 3 500 1
    2 中线 2.5 白色 4 500 2
    3 中线 3 蓝色 5 500 3
    4 中线 3.5 绿色 6 500 4
    5 中线偏侧 2 白色 5 500 4
    6 中线偏侧 2.5 黄色 6 500 3
    7 中线偏侧 3 绿色 3 500 2
    8 中线偏侧 3.5 蓝色 4 500 1
    9 两侧交错 2 蓝色 6 500 2
    10 两侧交错 2.5 绿色 5 500 1
    11 两侧交错 3 黄色 4 500 4
    12 两侧交错 3.5 白色 3 500 3
    13 两侧对称 2 绿色 4 500 3
    14 两侧对称 2.5 蓝色 3 500 4
    15 两侧对称 3 白色 6 500 1
    16 两侧对称 3.5 黄色 5 500 2
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  中间段灯具设置

    Table  4.   Settings of middle lamps

    布灯方式 单侧灯具间距/m 单盏灯具光通量/lm 数量/盏
    中线 10 9 000 40
    中线偏侧 10 9 000 40
    两侧交错 20 9 000 40
    两侧对称 10 4 500 80
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  入口段及出口段隧道照明设置

    Table  5.   Tunnel lighting settings at the entrance and exit sections

    项目 长度/m 灯具型号 布置方式 单侧灯具间距/m
    入口段 40 180WLED灯 两侧交错 2.5
    出口段 40 180WLED灯 两侧交错 5
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  测试人员信息

    Table  6.   Personnel information of the test subjects

    分组编号 平均年龄/岁 总人数 男性人数 女性人数 矫正视力
    25.2 10 7 3 5.0
    26.1 10 7 3 5.0
    24.8 10 7 3 5.0
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  参数指标测试结果

    Table  7.   Test results of parameter indices

    工况编号 平均瞳孔直径/mm
    3组均值
    1 5.089 5.270 5.206 5.188
    2 4.996 4.906 4.861 4.921
    3 5.402 5.340 5.378 5.373
    4 5.537 5.557 5.747 5.614
    5 5.285 5.341 5.378 5.335
    6 5.650 5.595 5.682 5.642
    7 5.591 5.568 5.657 5.605
    8 5.302 5.451 5.480 5.411
    9 5.624 5.708 5.692 5.675
    10 5.543 5.895 5.888 5.776
    11 5.602 5.895 5.904 5.801
    12 5.774 5.734 5.725 5.744
    13 5.733 5.715 5.698 5.715
    14 5.678 5.840 5.818 5.779
    15 5.820 5.837 5.900 5.852
    16 5.463 5.376 5.504 5.448
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  指标极差计算结果

    Table  8.   Calculation results of the index range

    指标 因素
    A B C D
    平均瞳孔直径/mm K1 63.288 65.739 66.237 66.950
    K2 65.981 66.352 65.556 65.543
    K3 68.986 67.895 66.714 65.794
    K4 68.381 66.651 68.130 68.349
    极差 5.697 2.156 2.573 2.805
    注:因素A为灯具的布设方式;因素B为侧壁反光涂料布设高度;因素C为侧壁反光涂料颜色;因素D为LED光源色温。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  9  优化水平组合

    Table  9.   Optimized horizontal combination

    灯具布设方式 侧壁反光涂料布设高度/m 侧壁反光涂料颜色 LED光源色温/K
    中线 2 白色 4 500
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  10  方差分析表

    Table  10.   Variance analysis

    变异来源 平方和 自由度 均方 F Fa
    因素A 1.683 3 0.561 31.467 F0.05(3,35)=2.88
    因素B 0.206 3 0.069 3.845 F0.01(3,35)=4.40
    因素C 0.297 3 0.099 5.547
    因素D 0.411 3 0.137 7.684
    空列误差 0.365 3
      重复实验 0.259 32
    误差
    总误差 0.624 35
    下载: 导出CSV
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    [27] 肖尧. 公路隧道基本段内饰材料及灯具布置对照明节能影响研究[D]. 武汉: 武汉理工大学, 2017. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10497-1019808694.htm

    XIAO Yao. Study on the influence of interior decoration materials and lamp layout on lighting energy saving in the basic section of highway tunnel[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology, 2017. (in Chinese) http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10497-1019808694.htm
    [28] 崔璐璐. 漫反射材料辅助隧道节能照明的视觉功效研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆交通大学, 2019.

    CUI Lulu. Study on visual efficacy of diffuse reflective material assisted tunnel energy-saving lighting[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing Jiaotong University, 2019. (in Chinese)
    [29] 靳一. 基于照度提升和视线诱导的高速公路隧道光环境优化研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2020. https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/thesis/D02276829

    JIN Yi. Research on light environment optimization of expressway tunnel based on illumination improvement and line of sight guidance[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2020. (in Chinese) https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/thesis/D02276829
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-08-22
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-01-12

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